Pensamiento penal iluminista

AuthorGianni Egidio Piva Torres/Roymar Ali Armas Graterol
Pages99-108
99
| CAPÍTULO III |
Pensamiento penal iluminista
SUMARIO: 1. Derecho penal liberal/generalidades; 2. Pensamiento Iluminista/princi-
pales representantes; 2.1. Becaria Cesare Bonesana; 2.2. Johon Howard; 2.3. Jean Paul
Marat; 2.4. Giandomenico Romagnosi; 3. Declaración Universal de los derechos del
Hombre y del Ciudadano.
1. Derecho penal liberal/generalidades
El siglo XVIII quedo conocido como el siglo de las luces, en virtud de
una gran cantidad de trabajos f‌ilósofos que se distinguieron y objetivaron
rompiendo con las amarras y andrajos de la época oscura que fue la Edad me-
dia. El insipiente siglo XVIII heredero de las inf‌luencias del empirismo y del
escepticismo como también de grandes avances científ‌icos de investigadores
como NICOLAU COPERMICO ( 1473-1543) y su teoría del heliocentrism, GA-
LILEO GALILEI (1564-1642) f‌ilósofo y defensor del heliocentrismo e ISA AC
NEWTON (1643-1727) el fundador de la mecánica clásica, entre otros tanto
que de alguna forma contribuyeron para el desarrollo de las ciencias y del
pensamiento humano. En ese contexto tenemos la prevalencia de la raciona-
lidad en detrimento de un sistema eminentemente teocéntrico en todos los
sentidos, abriendo las puertas para el antropocentrismo ( teniendo al hombre
como centro de todo).
Este fenómeno fue verif‌icado en todas las ramas de la ciencia, pero prin-
cipalmente en la f‌ilosofía donde pensadores Italianos y Franceses van a sedi-
mentar el pensamiento humano en otro nivel de la historia. Esta nueva rea-
lidad y el nivel de pensamiento van a preparar el terreno para los avances de

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