Causas de justificación en particular

AuthorGianni Egidio Piva Torres/Roymar Ali Armas Graterol
Pages417-429
417
| CAPÍTULO XXIII |
Causas de justif‌icación en particular
SUMARIO: 1. Legitima defensa; 2. Bienes que pueden ser defendidos Defensa de de-
rechos personales; 3. Estructura de la legítima defensa; 4. La agresión; 5. Necesidad
del medio empleado; 6. No haya provocado el incidente; 7. La legítima defensa como
derecho principal; 8. ¿Por qué se justif‌ica la legítima defensa?; 9. Exceso en la legítima
defensa conforme a la jurisprudencia del TSJ V (Venezuela); 10. Una ref‌lexión necesaria.
1. Legitima defensa
En el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española Jurídico se dice: «Cau-
sa de justif‌icación que ampara a quien actúa impidiendo o repeliendo una agresión
ilegítima y actual a sus bienes jurídicos o los de un tercero, es decir, en defensa de
los mismos, y con ello también del derecho atacado, de un modo racionalmente
necesario.
En algunos ordenamientos como el español se añade como último requisito que
no haya habido provocación suf‌iciente del defensor. A la legítima defensa de terceros
se la puede denominar también auxilio neces ario, aunque ese nombre se usa más
en el estado de necesidad ajeno. Es una causa de justif‌icación del resultado, que no
está desaprobado, sino plenamente aprobado por el derecho, aunque excepcional-
mente solo excluye el desvalor de la acción cuando ex ante el medio aparece como
racionalmente necesario, aunque ex post resulte que no lo era»312. En def‌inición de
312 Diccionario panhispánico del español jurídico, 2022.

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