Artículo VIII
| Author | Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Stephan Mick |
| Pages | 258-298 |
— 258 —
Article VIII
I. Introduction
II. Negotiation and Drafting History
1. Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty
2. Later Developments
III. Commentary
1. Registry / Object launched into outer space
(Article VIII, sentence 1 part 1)
a) Object launched into outer space
b) State of registry
c) Obligation to register nationally
1) General
2) Launching State
3) Attribution of space objects to States
4) Space debris and non-functional space
objects
d) Transfer of ownership in orbit versus
delivery in orbit
2. Jurisdiction and control (Article VIII sentence 1
part 2)
b) Obligation to exercise jurisdiction and
control
c) Applicability of the ‚genuine link‘ principle?
d) Legal consequences of jurisdiction and
control
e) Innocent passage through foreign airspace
f) International organisations exercising
jurisdiction and control?
3. Ownership (Article VIII sentence 2)
a) Objects launched into outer space, including
objects landed or constructed on a celestial
body
4. Return of objects (Article VIII sentence 3)
5. Establishment of a National registry
6. Subsequent State Practice
IV. Future Perspectives
Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Stephan Mick
Artículo VIII
I. Introducción
II. Historia de la negociación y de la redacción
1. El Artículo VIII del Tratado del Espacio
2. Desarrollo posterior
III. Comentario
1. Registro / Objeto lanzado al espacio ultraterrestre
a) Objeto lanzado al espacio ultraterrestre
b) Estado de registro
c) Obligación de registrar a nivel nacional
1) General
2) Estado de lanzamiento
3) Atribución de objetos espaciales a
Estados
4) Desechos espaciales y objetos no
funcionales
d) Transmisión de la propiedad sobre objetos
en órbita, frente a la entrega de objetos en
órbita
b) Obligación de ejercer la jurisdicción y el
control
c) ¿Se aplica el principio del ‚vínculo genuino‘?
d) Consecuencias jurídicas de la jurisdicción y
el control
f) ¿Ejercen las organizaciones internacionales
la jurisdicción y el control?
a) Objetos lanzados al espacio ultraterrestre,
incluso objetos que hayan descendido o se
construyan en un cuerpo celeste
b) Efectos de la propiedad y responsabilidad
estatal
5. Establecimiento de un registro nacional
6. Práctica estatal posterior
IV. Perspectivas futuras
Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Stephan Mick
Article VIII Artículo VIII
— 259 —
Artículo VIII
el objeto lanzado al espacio ultraterrestre, retendrá su
jurisdicción y control sobre tal objeto, así como sobre todo
espacio ultraterrestre o en un cuerpo celeste. El derecho de
propiedad de los objetos lanzados al espacio ultraterrestre,
incluso de los objetos que hayan descendido o se construyan
en un cuerpo celeste, y de sus partes componentes, no
ultraterrestre, incluso en un cuerpo celeste, ni en su retorno
a la Tierra. Cuando esos objetos o esas partes componentes
sean hallados fuera de los límites del Estado Parte en el
a ese Estado Parte, el que deberá proporcionar los datos
Documentos selectos
(celebrado el 13 de octubre de 1919, entró en vigor el 29
de marzo de 1922) 11 LNTS 173 (Convenio de París)
Convenio sobre Aviación Civil Internacional (celebrado el 7 de
diciembre de 1944, entró en vigor el 4 de abril de 1947)
15 UNTS 295 (Convenio de Chicago)
Convención sobre la Alta Mar (celebrada el 29 de abril de 1958,
entró en vigor el 30 de septiembre de 1962) 450 UNTS 11
Convenio sobre el Registro de Objetos Lanzados al Espacio
Ultraterrestre (celebrado el 12 de noviembre de 1974,
entró en vigor el 15 de septiembre de 1976) 1023 UNTS
15 (Convenio REG)
(celebrada el 10 de diciembre de 1982, entró en vigor el
16 de noviembre de 1994) 1833 UNTS 396 (CNUDM,
CDM,CONVEMAR)
Res. AGNU 1348 (XIII), Cuestión del uso del espacio ultraterrestre
Res. AGNU 1721 (XVI), Cooperación internacional para la
de 20 de diciembre de 1961
Doc. A/AC.105/826, 16 de abril de 2004
Bibliografía selecta
Bohlmann, Ulrike M., The Registration Policy of the European
Space Agency, en: Hobe, Stephan/Schmidt-Tedd,
Bernhard/Schrogl, Kai-Uwe (eds.), Current Issues in
the Registration of Space Objects – Proceedings of the
Workshop 20–21 January 2005 Berlin (Germany), DLR,
Colonia 2005, pp. 47 y ss.
Space Law – A Study in the Progressive Development of
Haya 1971
Article VIII
“A State Party to the Treaty on whose registry an object
launched into outer space is carried shall retain jurisdiction
and control over such object, and over any personnel thereof,
while in outer space or on a celestial body. Ownership of
objects launched into outer space, including objects landed
or constructed on a celestial body, and of their component
a celestial body or by their return to the Earth. Such objects
or component parts found beyond the limits of the State
Party to the Treaty on whose registry they are carried shall
be returned to that State Party, which shall, upon request,
Select Documents
Convention Relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation (done
13 October 1919, entered into force 29 March 1922) 11
LNTS 173 (Paris Convention)
Convention on Inte rnational Civil Aviation (done 7 December
1944, entered into force 4 April 1947) 15 UNTS295
(Chicago Convention)
Convention on the High Seas (done 29 April 1958, entered into
force 30 September 1962) 450 UNTS11
Convention on Registration of Objects launched into Outer
Space (done 12 November 1974, entered into force 15
September 1976) 1023 UNTS 15 (REG)
December 1982, entered into force 16 November 1994)
1833 UNTS 396 (UNCLOS)
UNGA Res. 1348 (XIII), Question of the peaceful uses of outer
space, 13 December 1958
UNGA Res. 1721 (XVI), International co-operation in the
peaceful uses of outer space, 20 December 19611
UN Doc. A/AC.105/826, 16 April 2004
Select Bibliography
Bohlmann, Ulrike M., The Registration Policy of the European
Space Agency, in: Hobe, Stephan/Schmidt-Tedd,
Bernhard/Schrogl, Kai-Uwe (eds.), Current Issues in
the Registration of Space Objects – Proceedings of the
Workshop 20–21 January 2005 Berlin (Germany), DLR,
Space Law – A Study in the Progressive Development of
Hague 1971
Article VIII Artículo VIII
— 260 —
Diederiks-Verschoor, I. H. Philepina, Some Observations on
Registration of Spacecraft, en: IISL, Proceedings of
the 11th Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 17–18
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Gerhard, Michael, Transfer of operation and control with respect
to space objects – Problems of Responsibility and Liability
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Gerhard, Michael/Schmidt-Tedd, Bernhard, Current Problems in
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Newsletter, June 2006, pp. 4 y ss.
Hepper, Günter/Müller, Reinhard, Das Registerprinzip im See-
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Hobe, Stephan, Is there a transit right through foreign airspace?,
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Basic Materials, 1994, pp. 89 y ss.
Hobe, Stephan/Schmidt-Tedd, Bernhard/Schrogl, Kai-Uwe (eds.),
Current Issues in the Registration of Space Objects –
Proceedings of the Workshop 20–21 January 2005 Berlin
(Germany), DLR, Colonia 2005
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of Registry? Which Objects to Register, What Data to be
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of the 46th Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 29
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Kopal, Vladimír, The 1975 Convention on Registration of Objects
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Marietta/Schrogl, Kai-Uwe (eds.), Space Law: Current
Problems and Perspectives For Future Regulation, Eleven,
Utrecht 2005, pp. 29 y ss.
Diederiks-Verschoor, I. H. Philepina, Some Observations on
Registration of Spacecraft, in: IISL, Proceedings of the 11th
Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 17–18 October
Gerhard, Michael, Transfer of operation and control with respect
to space objects – Problems of Responsibility and Liability
of States, Zeitschrift für Luft- und Weltraumrecht (51)
Gerhard, Michael/Schmidt-Tedd, Bernhard, Current Problems in
Registering Space objects, International Bar Association,
Legal Practice Division, Outer Space Committee
Hepper, Günter/Müller, Reinhard, Das Registerprinzip im See-
, Luft- und Weltraumrecht – eine rechtsvergleichende
Betrachtung, Zeitschrift für Luft- und Weltraumrecht (39)
Hobe, Stephan, Is there a transit right through foreign airspace?,
in: European Center for Space Law (ed.), Proceedings of
the 3rd ECSL Summer Course on Space Law and Policy:
Hobe, Stephan/Schmidt-Tedd, Bernhard/Schrogl, Kai-Uwe (eds.),
Current Issues in the Registration of Space Objects –
Proceedings of the Workshop 20–21 January 2005 Berlin
(Germany), DLR, Cologne 2005
Hörl, Kay-Uwe/Hermida, Julian, Change of Ownership, Change
of Registry? Which Objects to Register, What Data to be
Furnished, When, and Until When, in: IISL, Proceedings
of the 46th Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 29
September – 3 October 2003 Bremen (Germany), AIAA,
Kopal, Vladimír, The 1975 Convention on Registration of Objects
Launched into Outer Space in View of the Growth of
Commercial Space Activities, in: Benkö, Marietta/Kröll,
Walter (eds.), Luft- und Weltraumrecht im 21. Jahrhundert
– Air and Space Law in the 21st Century, Liber Amicorum
Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel, Carl Heymanns, Cologne 2001,
and the Case of an International Intergovernmental
Organisation (ESA), Zeitschrift für Luft- und
Lee, Yoon, Registration of space objects: ESA member states‘
Malenovsky, Jirí, To the Problem of the Right of Free Passage
Through the Airspace of Other States During the Post-
Proceedings of the 25th Colloquium on the Law of Outer
Space, 27 September – 2 October 1982 Paris (France),
Mick, Stephan, Registrierungskonvention und
Registrierungspraxis, Carl Heymanns, Cologne 2007
Perek, Lubos, Ex Facto Sequitur Lex: Facts Which Merit
Registration and Space debris Mitigation, in: Benkö,
Marietta/Schrogl, Kai-Uwe (eds.), Space Law: Current
Problems and Perspectives For Future Regulation, Eleven,
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