Artificial intelligence vs human intelligence

• Author: Maria Stefania Cataleta
• Pages: 107-116

107

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Maria Stefania Cataleta1



Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications demand regulation on ethical

implications, typical of humans, which derive from their use, because they have

a certain level of “self-determination”, affect many sectors, often very delicate

and involve also sensitive data. The matter is to protect technological innovation

from some distortions.2

According to Bertrand Russel, if you want to verify that consciousness is in

the brain, you just need to shoot in the head and you will have the confirmation

of it, because the shot will eliminate the consciousness for a while or forever. Our

mind and consciousness are, in a certain sense, physical, but they do not coincide

with our body. Consciousness and mind are in the brain and science does not

find them elsewhere. Men are self-aware thanks to the human capacity of self-

reflection. In this optic, machines are not self-aware, since they cannot reflect

over them-selves. The nature of the consciousness will remain inexplicable and,

1 Ph.D Public Law (Université Côte d’Azur, France), Ph.D. Political Science (Roma Tre

University, Italy), LL.M. (City University of London, UK). Lawyer admitted on the List of counsels

of the International Criminal Court, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Special Tribunal

for Lebanon, Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia and Kosovo Specialist Chambers.

Associate researcher at Université Côte d’Azur, France. Author of several books and articles published

in international journals.

2 See RUSSEL, S./NORVIG, P., Artificial Intelligence: a modern approach, 2 ed., Upper

Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1995; see also, CRAGLIA, M. et al, Artificial intelligence: a European

Perspective, European Commission, Publication Office, Luxembourg, 2018, p. 63 et seq., https://

ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/artificial-intelligence-

european-perspective (access 26 August 2020).