SPAN PERU: PAIS MINERO
Jurisdiction | Derecho Internacional |
(Nov 1997)
PERU: PAIS MINERO
El Perú es un país tradicionalmente minero y un importante exportador de minerales.
La minería es una de las principales fuentes de divisas y concentra un gran porcentaje de la masa laboral peruana.
El Gobierno Peruano consciente de la trascendencia de la minería en el desarrollo económico y social del país, ha promulgado una serie de dispositivos destinados a promover el desarrollo y brindar garantías a los inversionistas mineros.
Luego de esta breve introducción, pasaremos a analizar los aspectos legales más importantes relacionados con la minería en el Perú.
Marco Constitucional:
De acuerdo con lo establecido por el artículo 66 de la Constitución Política del Estado, todos los recursos naturales renovables o no renovables, son patrimonio de la nación. Es decir, la Constitución Peruana recoge, respecto a los recursos naturales el sistema que la doctrina denomina dominalista o de dominio público.
La Constitución reserva a Ley Orgánica la regulación de las condiciones de utilización y otorgamiento a particulares de los recursos naturales.
De acuerdo a lo anterior, revisaremos a continuación los principales aspectos de la Ley General de Minería del Perú.
Ley General de Minería
En junio de 1981 se promulgó el Decreto Legislativo N° 109 "Ley General de Minería." En noviembre de 1991 se promulgó el Decreto Legislativo N° 708, Ley de Promoción de Inversiones en el Sector Minero, norma esta última que modificó parcialmente la Ley General de Minería.
A fin de ordenar la legislación, el 4 de junio de 1992 se dictó el Decreto Supremo N° 14-92-EM, mediante el cual se
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aprobó el Texto Unico Ordenado de la Ley General de Minería, norma que con algunas pequeñas modificaciones regula actualmente la actividad minera en el Perú.
Sistemas de Concesiones:
La ley peruana califica como actividades de la industria minera, las siguientes: cateo, prospección, exploración, explotación, labor general, beneficio, comercialización y transporte minero.
El ejercicio de las citadas actividades, con excepción del cateo, la prospección y la comercialización, se realiza exclusivamente bajo el sistema de concesiones.
El cateo y la prospección son libres en todo el territorio nacional; sin embargo, no podrán efectuarse en áreas donde existan concesiones mineras, áreas de no admisión de denuncios, terrenos cercados o cultivados, zonas urbanas o de expansión urbana, zonas reservadas para la defensa nacional, zonas arqueológicas y sobre bienes de uso público.
Asimismo, la comercialización de productos minerales es libre, interna y externamente, para su ejercicio no se requiere el otorgamiento de una concesión.
Naturaleza de la Concesión:
La ley peruana otorga a la concesión minera la condición de bien inmueble, estableciendo que es un inmueble distinto y separado del predio donde se encuentra ubicado. De esta manera, se separa el suelo y el subsuelo y se descarta cualquier principio de accesión como regla de la titularidad minera.
Por otro lado, conviene precisar que la concesión minera otorga a su titular un derecho real, con los atributos que emanan de la ley minera y no del Código Civil. En su condición de bien inmueble, puede ser transferida por acto inter-vivos o mortis causa, gravada, etc.
Procedimiento Ordinario para Concesiones Mineras:
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Para ser titular de una concesión minera debe seguirse un procedimiento administrativo ante el Registro Público de Minería, organismo público dependiente del Ministerio de Energía y Minas.
A continuación y de una manera muy general describiremos el procedimiento de otorgamiento de concesiones:
1. El procedimiento se iniciará con la presentación del petitorio de la concesión minera ante cualquier oficina del Registro Público...
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- Mineral Development in Latin America (FNREL)
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- CHAPTER 1 MINING LEGISLATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA: REFORM AND MODERNIZATION (ENGLISH VERSION)
- CHAPTER 1 SPAN REFORMA Y MODERNIZACION DE LAS LEGISLACIONES MINERAS DE AMERICA LATINA
- CHAPTER 2 INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON SELECTED MINING LAW ISSUES
- OVERVIEW OF SELECTED MINING LAW ISSUES IN VENEZUELA
- MEXICO, SOME MINING LAW ISSUES1
- A GENERAL OUTLOOK OF BOLIVIAN MINING: THE NEW MINING CODE (ENGLISH VERSION)
- SPAN PANORAMA GENERAL DE LA MINERIA BOLIVIANA NUEVO CODIGO DE MINERIA
- SPAN EL SISTEMA LEGAL DE CONCESIONES MINERAS EN ARGENTINA
- THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF MINING CONCESSIONS IN ARGENTINA (ENGLISH VERSION)
- OVERVIEW ON MINING RIGHTS IN BRAZIL
- PERU: A MINING COUNTRY (ENGLISH VERSION)
- SPAN PERU: PAIS MINERO
- CHAPTER 3 SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS UNDER THE CHILEAN MINING CODE (ENGLISH VERSION)
- CHAPTER 3 SPAN MATERIAS Y CUESTIONES RELATIVAS A LA APLICACIÓN DEL CÓDIGO DE MINERÍA DE CHILE
- CHAPTER 4 SPAN PROYECTOS MINEROS TRANSFRONTERIZOS
- CHAPTER 4 TRANS-BOUNDARY MINING PROJECTS (ENGLISH VERSION)
- CHAPTER 5 NORTH AMERICAN AND LATIN AMERICAN ATTORNEYS WORKING TOGETHER: DO WE UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER?—AND—THE SHAKY FRAMEWORK OF VENEZUELAN MINING LAW
- CHAPTER 6 THE TRILLIUM DECISION AND ITS AFTERMATH: NEW REQUIREMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS AND THE PERMITTING OF MINING PROJECTS IN CHILE
- CHAPTER 7 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MINING AND THE LAW (ENGLISH VERSION)
- CHAPTER 7 SPAN EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE Y SU RELACION CON LA MINERIA Y EL DERECHO
- CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR NATURAL RESOURCE PROJECTS IN LATIN AMERICA
- CHAPTER 9 THE BEGINNING AND THE END: LIABILITY FOR PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS AND RECLAMATION OBLIGATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA
- CHAPTER 10 PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF EVOLVING STANDARDS: A GLOBAL VIEW OF TRENDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
- CHAPTER 11 JOINT VENTURE TRANSACTIONS AND ISSUES IN LATIN AMERICA
- CHAPTER 12 FINANCING MINERAL PROJECTS IN LATIN AMERICA
- CHAPTER 13 TAXES AND THE STRUCTURING OF INVESTMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL MINING VENTURES
- CHAPTER 14 AN OVERVIEW OF GOLD PROSPECTING IN BRAZIL—AND—UBI LEX NON DISTINGUIT: MINING COMPANIES AND THE RELATIONS WITH PROSPECTING—THE CASE OF GOLD MINING IN BRAZIL
- CHAPTER 15 STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE MINING INDUSTRY
- CHAPTER 16 WATER UNDER CHILEAN LAW (ENGLISH VERSION)
- CHAPTER 16 SPAN LAS AGUAS EN EL DERECHO CHILENO
- CHAPTER 17 COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION IN LATIN AMERICA (ENGLISH VERSION)
- CHAPTER 17 SPAN EL ARBITRAJE COMERCIAL EN LATINOAMERICA
- CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION: SURVEY OF PERMISSIBLE CONSTRAINTS AND DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS
- CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENTS: ITS VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY UNDER CHILEAN LAW (ENGLISH VERSION)
- SPAN CONVENIOS DE CONFIDENCIALIDAD: Segunda Parte, Su Eficacia y exigibilidad conforme Ley Chilena
- CHAPTER 19 ISSUES AND TRENDS IN PRIVATIZATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL MINERAL INDUSTRY
- CHAPTER 20 CASE STUDY OF THE RECENT PRIVATIZATION OF COMPANHIA VALE DO RIO DOCE (CVRD) IN BRAZIL
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