De los herederos intestados según las XII Tablas
Author | Francisco Samper |
Pages | 227-235 |
Page 227
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Según la ley de las XII Tablas, las herencias intestadas pertenecen en primer lugar a los herederos por propio derecho.
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Se consideran herederos de propio derecho los descendientes que estuvieron bajo potestad del que muere, sea hijo o hija, nieto o nieta –por línea masculina–, biznieto o biznieta, descendientes del nieto por línea masculina. Y lo mismo da que sean hijos naturales o adoptivos; sin embargo, solamente se consideran herederos por propio derecho el nieto o nieta, biznieto o biznieta, si la persona a la que están sometidos ha dejado de estar bajo patria potestad, sea porque haya muerto, sea porque haya sido emancipada. Si en el momento de la muerte de una persona tiene ésta bajo potestad a su hijo, el nieto –nacido de este hijo– no puede ser heredero de propio derecho. Lo mismo entenderemos respecto de los otros descendientes.
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También la mujer que está bajo potestad del marido es heredera de éste por propio derecho, ya que se considera hija suya, y lo mismo, la nuera será heredera por propio derecho si el hijo bajo cuya potestad se encuentra no está ya sometido a la potestad del padre, cuando éste muera. Otro tanto diremos de la persona que está bajo potestad del nieto por causa de matrimonio, pues se considera biznieta.
Page 229
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Igualmente, son herederos por propio derecho los póstumos que, de haber nacido en vida del padre, habrían estado bajo potestad de éste.
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Lo mismo procede respecto de aquellos en virtud de los cuales, por la ley Elia Sentia o el senadoconsulto, se ha demostrado la causa de error después de muerto el padre; porque si se hubiera demostrado en vida del padre, habrían estado bajo potestad de éste.
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Lo mismo entenderemos acerca de aquel hijo que es manumitido por primera o segunda mancipación, después de la muerte del padre.
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Cuando hay un hijo o hija, y nietos o nietas de otro hijo, son llamados por igual a la herencia; y no excluye el que está en grado más próximo al que está en grado posterior. Se consideraba justo que nietos y nietas sucedieran en lugar de su padre y adquirieran su parte. Por la misma razón, si hay de un hijo un nieto o nieta, y del nieto, biznieto o biznieta, son llamados por igual a la herencia.
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Y como se admitió que los nietos o nietas, biznietos o biznietas sucedieran en lugar de su padre, pareció conveniente dividir la herencia no por cabezas, es decir, en porciones iguales entre los hijos, sino por estirpes, esto es, recibiendo una porción en conjunto, de...
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- Comentario Tercero
- De los herederos intestados según las XII Tablas
- De la sucesión que establece el Edicto cuando no hay tablas testamentarias
- De la sucesión de los libertos
- De la venta del patrimonio y otras sucesiones
- De la división de las obligaciones y de las obligaciones que nacen de contraerse
- De las obligaciones que se contraen por la propiedad
- De las obligaciones que se contraen por palabras
- De las obligaciones que se contraen por escritura
- De las obligaciones que se contraen por consentimiento
- A través de cuáles personas nos obligamos
- De la extinción de las obligaciones
- De las obligaciones que nacen de delinquir
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