De la extinción de las obligaciones
Author | Francisco Samper |
Pages | 303-309 |
Page 303
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Una obligación se extingue ante todo al pagar lo que se debe. Por ello, se pregunta si, en caso de que pagara alguien por otro, con el consentimiento del acreedor, queda liberado de la obligación por el mismo derecho –así opinaron nuestros maestros–, o si continúa obligado por él, debiéndose defender con la excepción de dolo frente al actor, opinión que sostuvieron los maestros de la otra escuela.
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Asimismo, se extingue una obligación mediante aceptilación, que es como una forma de pago abstracta. Si quisieras perdonarme lo que te debo por una obligación contraída mediante palabras, podrá hacerse permitiendo tú que yo diga: “¿Das por recibido lo que te prometí?”, y tú respondes: “Doy por recibido”.
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Como se ha dicho, mediante este procedimiento se extinguen únicamente las obligaciones nacidas mediante palabras, no las otras. Pareció lógico que una obligación nacida mediante palabras pudiera cancelarse mediante otras. Y si se trata de una obligación por otra causa, puede convertirse, mediante estipulación, en obligación cancelable por aceptilación.
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Aunque dijimos que la aceptilación consistía en una forma de pago abstracto, no obstante, una mujer que puede pagar sin autorización de tutor no puede realizar la aceptilación sin ella.
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Además, el pago parcial es válido, en tanto que se discute si es posible la aceptilación parcial.
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Y hay otra clase de pago abstracto, que se realiza por el bronce y la balanza, y se admite en ciertos casos, como si la deuda procede de algo que se gestionó por el bronce y la balanza, o de una sentencia judicial.
Page 305
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Se hace de la siguiente manera: Se toman no menos de cinco testigos y un libripens. Luego la persona a quien se le cancela la obligación debe decir: “Con este bronce y esta balanza, te pago y me libero de tantos miles de sestercios que te debía o a los que había sido condenado. Aquí peso, conforme a la ley pública, la primera y última libra que te debía”. Seguidamente, golpea la balanza con la moneda y se la da a la persona que le cancela la deuda, a modo de pago.
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De manera similar, un legatario libera al heredero del legado damnatorio, de modo que, así como deber por sentencia significa que alguien es condenado, así el heredero dice que fue damnado por testamento a dar. El heredero solamente puede ser liberado de aquellos objetos que se pesan y cuentan, y que son ciertos. Algunos opinan que también de los que se miden.
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Con la novación se extingue una obligación; como si...
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Request your trial- Instituciones Jurídicas de Gayo
- Comentario Tercero
- De los herederos intestados según las XII Tablas
- De la sucesión que establece el Edicto cuando no hay tablas testamentarias
- De la sucesión de los libertos
- De la venta del patrimonio y otras sucesiones
- De la división de las obligaciones y de las obligaciones que nacen de contraerse
- De las obligaciones que se contraen por la propiedad
- De las obligaciones que se contraen por palabras
- De las obligaciones que se contraen por escritura
- De las obligaciones que se contraen por consentimiento
- A través de cuáles personas nos obligamos
- De la extinción de las obligaciones
- De las obligaciones que nacen de delinquir
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