Guerra ilimitada, violencia incremental y seguridad transdominio

AuthorDavid García Cantalapiedra
Pages41-51
GUERRA ILIMITADA, VIOLENCIA INCREMENTAL
...
Y
SEGURIDAD TRANSDOMINIO
Dr. David García Cantalapiedra
Profesor titular de Relaciones Internacionales
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
DOI: 10.14679/2400
“If an entity uses robots to conduct a massive oen-
sive and destroys the opponent’s entire robot army,
does the war end? Or did a naïve population just rea-
lize they would have to ght the war themselves? Are
they ready? What is the legal justication of the ca-
sus belli and enmity animating their will?”
1. ORDEN INTERNACIONAL, GUERRA Y SEGURIDAD
El concepto de seguridad está cambiando más rápido de lo que piensan los políti-
cos, militares y académicos. Así, la separación entre la seguridad interior y exterior se ha
estado difuminando progresivamente y los ataques del 11 de septiembre de 2001 conr-
maron esta dinámica. La Seguridad Comprehensiva se había utilizado desde principios
de la década de 1990: “Security is taken to be about the pursuit of freedom from threat and
the ability of states and societies to maintain their independent identity and their functional
integrity against forces of change, which they see as hostile” (Buzan, 1991).
La lógica de la ampliación de este concepto de seguridad después de la Guerra Fría,
mientras que sufrió un proceso de desmilitarización, paradójicamente, introdujo una
extensa variedad de áreas para securitizar, algunas de ellas apenas relacionadas con la
seguridad “clásica” y que cerró la etapa de los Estudios Estratégicos. Sin embargo, abriría
un intenso debate en los ámbitos político y académico debido a la problemática de esas
nuevas amenazas y desafíos y provocaban en la estructura de la concepción general de
ese modelo de seguridad. Esto impulsaría la creación del llamado enfoque integral, y más
tarde el uso de la Resiliencia. Por lo tanto, una concepción que habría funcionado lo su-
cientemente bien después de la Guerra Fría fue duramente afectada cuando los ataques
del 11 de septiembre produjeron una progresiva re-militarización de la seguridad llevada
a cabo por Estados y Actores No Estatales.

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