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- Contornos y Pliegues Del Derecho. Homenaje a Roberto Bergalli
- Filosofía Del Derecho y Antropología Jurídica
Emergencias. Pasos hacia una antropología trágica
Author | Manuel Delgado |
Pages | 112-115 |
Page 112
En honor de Roberto Bergalli, maestro que me ayudó a entender hasta qué punto nada hay más criminal que el pensamiento, permanentemente empeñado en asfixiar hasta la muerte todo aquello en que tiene la fatalidad de fijarse.
A veces uno se cuestiona hasta qué punto no se podría decir de las ciencias sociales respecto de lo social -entendido como lo relativo a las formas humanas de vivir juntos- lo mismo que se ha dicho tantas veces del urbanismo respecto de lo urbano. Si el urbanismo podría ser interpretado como un dispositivo discursivo y práctico de amansar, esclarecer, simplificar, en fin controlar lo urbano -el conjunto complejo de mane-ras de ser de la vida humana en la ciudad-, las ciencias sociales no dejarían de asumir la tarea análoga de reconocer lo social como lo que sólo parcialmente alcanza a ser, que es como una estructura u organigrama compuesto por instituciones claras, referentes comportamentales sólidos, visiones del mundo compartidas y lógicas de acción pronosticables. Eso no quiere decir que lo social no sea eso, sino que se puede sospechar que no es sólo eso y existe una zona de sombra en su existencia a la que no le serían aplicables los criterios analíticos o explicativos propios de las disciplinas que se consideran competentes en peritar sobre la sociedad humana. Se trataría de una parcela que funcionaría como punto ciego, zona no observable en la medida en que se negaría a someterse no únicamente a los instrumentos de puesta en sistema de lo socialmente dado, sino ni siquiera a las técnicas que aspiran a registrarlo o describirlo, tal y como pretende, por ejemplo, la etnografía. Parafraseando a Clément Rosset, podríamos decir que el destino de lo social es -como ocurre con lo real respecto del lenguaje- escapar de la sociología, mientras que -como sucede con el lenguaje en relación con lo real- el destino más probable de la sociología y la antropología es acabar echando a perder lo social, es decir perdiéndoselo, no ser capaz ni siquiera de constatar y menos comunicar la cara oculta de su existencia.
Así pues, si el urbanismo quisiese ser una no siempre eficaz herramienta cuya tarea se antoja que es la de mantener a raya lo urbano, en tan gran medida informal e informalizable, lo mismo podría decirse de la aspiración que mueve a sociólogos y antropólogos a intentar sostener lo que Spengler hubiera continuado llamando el avance de lo inorgánico, la tendencia que los sistemas sociales pueden experimentar a poner de manifiesto que son mucho menos sistema que lo que se pensaba y se deseaba. En este caso, cabría presuponer que, como sucede con lo urbano, lo social podría ser un continente sólo en parte ordenado, puesto que se podría descubrir en su seno -con frecuencia en silencio- un fondo de actividad no estructurada y en temblor.
Se nos aparecería entonces de pronto la evidencia de que el socius, lo social, sería en buena medida una suma, un amontonamiento o acaso...
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- Filosofía del Derecho y Antropología Jurídica
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