¿Cómo deben completarse los contratos incompletos?: un desafío a la tesis de Coleman

AuthorMartín Hevia
ProfessionEscuela de Derecho, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
Pages153-165
VI
¿CÓMO DEBEN COMPLETARSE
LOS CONTRATOS INCOMPLETOS?:
UN DESAFÍO A LA TESIS DE COLEMAN*
Martín HEVIA**
Los individuos racionales, autónomos, tienen sus propios objetivos.
Para llevar adelante sus proyectos, a veces los individuos se juntan para
intercambiar bienes, o acuerdan realizar un servicio para otra persona, o ha-
cerle un regalo. Nadie nos obliga a celebrar este tipo de acuerdos: el derecho
contractual es una herramienta que nosotros voluntariamente podemos usar
para perseguir nuestros objetivos. Por ello, el consentimiento es condición
necesaria para la existencia de un contrato. Los «teóricos del consentimien-
to» sostienen que la justif‌icación para imponer derechos y responsabilidades
contractuales es que, a través de la expresión de voluntad autónoma y racio-
nal, las partes impusieron esas obligaciones sobre sí mismas.
Ahora bien, como sabemos, aunque las partes de un contrato estén
dispuestas a cooperar entre sí, a veces no logran hacerlo. Por ejemplo, las
partes pueden estar de acuerdo en que tienen un contrato, pero no necesa-
riamente en el alcance de sus derechos y obligaciones. Alternativamente, las
partes pueden estar en desacuerdo respecto del signif‌icado de alguna cláusula
del contrato que celebraron: las cláusulas de los contratos pueden ser vagas
* Título original: «Coleman on Gap-Filling and Default Rules». Traducción de Diego
Hammerschlag.
** Escuela de Derecho, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.

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