Apartheid

AuthorGianni Egidio Piva Torres
Pages207-217
207
| CAPÍTULO X |
Apartheid
SUMARIO: 1. Generalidades. 2. Def‌inición de
apartheid
. 3.
Apartheid
Caso Mandela. 4.
Tipicidad. 5. Acción. 6. Dolo. 7. Sujetos. 8. Pena.
1. Generalidades
La Convención Internacional sobre la Represión y el Castigo del cri-
men de Apartheid (en adelante Convención sobre el Apartheid) tiene su
origen en la oposición de las Naciones Unidas a las políticas raciales discri-
minatorias del Gobierno de Sudáfrica, conocidas como apartheid, que se
aplicaron desde 1948 a 1990. Desde 1952 hasta 1990, la Asamblea General
condenó anualmente el apartheid por contravenir los artículos 55 y 56 de la
Carta de las Naciones Unidas y el Consejo de Seguridad lo condenó regular-
mente a partir de 1960. En 1966, la Asamblea General declaró al apartheid
crimen de lesa humanidad (resolución 2202 A (XXI), de 16 de diciembre de
1966) y en 1984 el Consejo de Seguridad reiteró esa calif‌icación (resolución
556 (1984) de 23 de octubre de 1984). La Convención sobre el Apartheid
fue el paso f‌inal en el repudio del apartheid ya que no sólo declaró que el
apartheid era ilegal porque violaba la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, sino
que además declaró que el apartheid era criminal. La Convención sobre el
Apartheid fue aprobada por Asamblea General el 30 de noviembre de 1973
por 91 votos a favor, 4 en contra (los Estados Unidos de América, Portugal,
el Reino Unido y Sudáfrica) y 26 abstenciones. Entró en vigor el 18 de julio
de 1976 y, al mes de agosto de 2008, había sido ratif‌icada por 107 Estados.

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