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- Soberanía, Monarquía y Unidad en el Auge Del Absolutismo Francés (1519-1715). Antología de Textos
- Hacia el Monopolio Del Uso de la Fuerza
Hacia el monopolio del uso de la fuerza
Pages | 169-171 |
Page 169
En el siglo XVII se refuerza una pretensión nacida a finales del siglo XVI relativa a lo que cabe entender como un intento de acaparar el monopolio del uso de la fuerza: la prohibición de los duelos entre particulares, es decir, entre los que lo practicaban, la nobleza. Si se toma el ejemplo de la prohibición de los duelos es para apuntar a la pretensión monárquica de anular la capacidad nobiliaria de impartir justicia autónomamente104.
Es sobre todo respecto de la nobleza feudal frente a quien se quiere monopolizar la fuerza ya que eran los nobles quienes, tomándose la justicia por su cuenta, impartían y reforzaban la justicia en sus respectivos feudos. La facilidad con la que esta actitud nobiliaria podía poner en jaque la tranquilidad del Estado, a gran y pequeña escala, forzó la decisión de restarles poder e influencia. De ahí que sean los gobernadores los que asuman el cargo de concentrar la fuerza en las provincias, que se superpondrían con su jurisdicción sobre innumerables feudos, señorías y otros derechos sobre el territorio y las personas. De
Page 170
ahí también que se les exija a los nobles una obediencia incondicional al rey en este y otros asuntos, como pone de relieve Savaron.
Los duelos se formalizaban por una disputa sobre el honor del noble que mantenía el mismo como un valor irrenunciable. Sin embargo, tal y como denuncian algunos de los tratados, muchos duelos se establecían apelando al honor pero se provocaban con fines realmente más bajos y terrenales. Esto equivalía poco más o menos a que los nobles pudiesen retar a las armas a cualquiera con el que no habían podido llegar a realizar una transacción amistosa. Como un noble nunca se enfrentaría a alguien de menor condición, era posible contratar a alguien que luchara en su lugar de forma que el resultado final de la lucha dependía en gran medida del importe económico que se estuviese dispuesto a invertir en el pago del representante, lo que solía coincidir con la profesionalidad del mercenario. En resumidas cuentas, el sistema estaba organizado de tal forma que era posible la autocomposición de los conflictos sociales de forma legítima aunque desigual. El gran número de documentos aparecidos al efecto, sobre todo en el siglo XVII, muestra una voluntad firme por atajar el fenómeno105. El monarca está forzado a intervenir en el asunto bien por razón de la tranquilidad pública, bien para rebajar el afán de justicia de los nobles, bien para evitar que la...
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Request your trial- Soberanía, Monarquía y Unidad en el auge del Absolutismo Francés (1519-1715). Antología de textos
- Hacia el monopolio del uso de la fuerza
- Hacia el monopolio del uso de la fuerza
- CAMUS DU TERTRE, Jacques; El Gobernador Perfecto, 1604
- POISSON de la BODINIÈRE, Pierre; Tratado de la Majestad Real en Francia, 1597
- LeTAILLE, Jean; Notable Discurso sobre los Duelos, 1607
- BIGNON, Hierôme; De la Excelencia de los Reyes & del Reino de Francia, 1610
- SAVARON, Jean; Tratado de la Espada Francesa, 1610
- SAVARON, Jean; Tratado contra los Duelos, 1614
- BIGNON, Hierôme; La Grandeza de Nuestros Reyes & de su Poder Soberano, 1615
- SAVARON, Jean; Tratado de la Soberanía del Rey & de su Reino, 1615
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