Derechos fundamentales y Derecho penal como «derecho coactivo»

AuthorMartin Böse
Pages131-140
131
DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES Y DERECHO PENAL
COMO «DERECHO COACTIVO»
*
Martin BÖSE
Según la opinión general, la tarea del Derecho penal consiste (única-
mente) en la protección de bienes jurídicos 1. Por tanto, al concepto de bien
jurídico se le asigna una función limitadora del Derecho penal y crítica del
sistema. Si en ello se ve no solo un postulado político-criminal, sino un límite
constitucional para la intervención del Derecho penal 2, entonces hay que
fundamentarlo desde la Constitución. La referencia al «más fuerte carác-
ter interventor» 3 del Derecho penal determina la dirección para conseguir
tal fundamentación, a saber, desde los derechos fundamentales afectados
por el Derecho penal. El punto de partida viene dado por las intromisiones
procedentes de los preceptos penales; solo en tanto que el Derecho penal
intervenga de manera especialmente intensa en los derechos fundamentales
de los individuos pueden inferirse pautas materiales para el legislador espe-
cíf‌icamente penales.
I. LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES AFECTADOS
Y SUS LÍMITES
Todo tipo penal atenta desde más de un punto de vista contra los de-
rechos fundamentales del individuo. Para analizar esta intromisión en los
derechos fundamentales hay que distinguir entre las dos partes del precepto
* Traducción del original «Grundrechte und Strafrecht als “Zwangsrecht”» realizada por Ma-
ría Martín Lorenzo y Margarita Valle Mariscal de Gante.
1 ROXIN, Strafrecht AT, 1, 3.ª ed., 1997, §2, nm. 2 ss.; RUDOLPHI, en Systematischer Kommentar
zum StGB, 35.ª entrega (enero de 2001), previo al §1, nm. 2.
2 ROXIN (nota 1), §2, nm. 9 ss.; SK/RUDOLPHI (nota 1), previo al §1, nm. 5 ss.; con limitacio-
nes, HEFENDEHL, NuR, 2001, pp. 498 ss. (pp. 503 y 504), para el empleo del Derecho penal en el
ámbito del Derecho protector de la naturaleza.
3 BverfGE 88, 203 (258); 90, 145 (172); 96, 245 (249).

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