Relaciones dogmáticas entre bien jurídico, estructura del delito e imputación objetiva

AuthorJohanna Schulenburg
Pages341-354
341
RELACIONES DOGMÁTICAS
ENTRE BIEN JURÍDICO, ESTRUCTURA
DEL DELITO E IMPUTACIÓN OBJETIVA *
Johanna SCHULENBURG
I. INTRODUCCIÓN
«Los delitos de peligro concreto son delitos de resultado; [...]. En los
delitos de peligro abstracto es diferente: son meros delitos de actividad» 1.
«Los delitos de peligro abstracto no son delitos de resultado» 2. Af‌irmacio-
nes tan claras como estas se encuentran raramente, y sin embargo repre-
sentan puntos de vista ampliamente difundidos en la literatura académica 3.
Solo de manera esporádica se encuentra en cambio la tesis de que los delitos
de peligro abstracto pueden ser delitos de resultado 4. Es incómoda, ya que
rompe con la imagen, más asumible para el aplicador del Derecho, de que
únicamente en los delitos de resultado se plantean cuestiones sobre causali-
dad e imputación. Los delitos de resultado presuponen como resultado del
tipo un efecto en el mundo exterior 5, distinguible idealmente de la acción 6
* Traducción del original «Dogmatische Zusammenhänge von Rechtsgut, Deliktsstruktur
und objektiver Zurechnung» por Margarita Valle Mariscal de Gante.
1 KREY, Deutsches Strafrecht AT, Band 1, 2001, nm. 190.
2 TRÖNDLE/FISCHER, Strafgesetzbuch und Nebengesetze, 51.ª ed., 2003, previo a §13, nm. 13a.
3 BAUMANN/WEBER/MITSCH, Strafrecht AT, 10.ª ed., 1995, §8, nm. 42 y 43; HAFT, Strafrecht
AT, 8.ª ed., 1998, apéndice V, Erfolgsdelikte; MATT, Strafrecht AT I, 1996, §1, nm. 22 y 23; ROXIN,
Strafrecht AT 1, 3.ª ed., 2001, nm. 28 y 29; cfr. también LACKNER y KÜHL, StGB, 24.ª ed., 2001,
previo a §13, nm. 32.
4 GRAUL, Abstrakte Gefährdungsdelikte und Präsumptionen, 1991, p. 23; JAKOBS, Strafrecht
AT, 2.ª ed, 1993, 6/86; HEFENDEHL, Kollektive Rechtsgüter im Strafrecht, 2002, p. 155.
5 Las particularidades de la punibilidad de la omisión no precisan de tratamiento en el siguien-
te contexto.
6 MEYER, Studienbuch, pp. 44, 67; JES CHEK/WEIGEND Strafrecht AT, 5.ª ed., 1996, p. 260;
WESSELS/BEULKE (nota 3), nm. 23. Es asimismo imaginable considerar la acción en sí misma
como resultado, porque es un efecto de un impulso de la voluntad del autor y cuando menos
representa en los delitos de acción la consumación del tipo penal [cfr. ROXIN (nota 3), §10,
nm. 104, y JESCHECK/WEIGEND, ibid., p. 260; según BAUMANN/WEBER, Strafrecht AT, 9.ª ed.,

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