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- Capítulo Quinto. La Autoridad Internacional de los Fondos Marinos. Balance y Perspectivas
Las Deficiencias Normativas e institucionales de la Parte XI y del acuerdo ante los nuevos desarrollos científicos y tecnológicos.
Author | Esther Salamancas Aguado |
A lo largo de los capítulos precedentes se ha puesto de manifiesto que la Autoridad representa, tanto desde la óptica de su estructura institucional como desde la perspectiva de sus facultades y funciones, un compromiso político entre los intereses existentes principalmente en la explotación de nódulos polimetálicos, únicos recursos que en el momento de elaboración de la Convención eran considerados de interés comercial y estratégico. El equilibrio de intereses que comportaba este compromiso fue alterado por el Acuerdo en el sentido que ya expusimos. Es sabido que los negociadores del Acuerdo se preocuparon por eliminar de la Parte XI y sus anexos aquellos elementos que, asociados al NOEI resultaban inaceptables para los Estados industrializados. Todo ello bajo la premisa de ajustar el régimen y el mecanismo internacionales a las nuevas condiciones económicas y políticas, entre ellas, el retraso prolongado de la explotación comercial de los nódulos polimetálicos.
Sin embargo, el Acuerdo no ha solucionado todos los problemas que presenta en la actualidad la aplicación de las disposiciones de la Parte XI y es en este punto dónde el papel de la Autoridad resulta de una importancia fundamental. Efectivamente, el contexto en el que la Autoridad debe aplicar el régimen internacional ha cambiado radicalmente. Los desarrollos científicos y tecnológicos ocurridos en los últimos años, sobre todo la previsión de que otros recursos minerales podrían ser explotados antes que los nódulos polimetálicos -sulfuros polimetálicos, cortezas de cobalto, hidratos de metano- han puesto de manifiesto las deficiencias normativas e institucionales de la Parte XI, del Acuerdo y de los anexos correspondientes.
Aunque todos los recursos minerales de la Zona forman parte del patrimonio común de la humanidad, la mayoría de las disposiciones del régimen fueron negociadas y adoptadas con el fin de regular la prospección, exploración y explotación de nódulos polimetálicos 1. A pesar de ello la Autoridad debe, con más urgencia de la esperada, adoptar normas, reglamentos y procedimientos que regulen la prospección, exploración y, llegado el momento, explotación de otros recursos minerales (art. 162. 2 (o) (ii)) 2.
A estas nuevas riquezas minerales hay que sumar el reciente descubrimiento de recursos genéticos en la Zona y el subsiguiente problema del régimen jurídico aplicable a la prospección biológica -recogida de recursos genéticos con objetivos comerciales- en tanto en...
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Request your trial- La zona internacional de los fondos marinos
- Capítulo Quinto. La autoridad internacional de los fondos marinos. Balance y perspectivas
- Las Deficiencias Normativas e institucionales de la Parte XI y del acuerdo ante los nuevos desarrollos científicos y tecnológicos.
- Desarrollo y aplicación del Régimen jurídico de los nódulos polimetálicos
- Nuevos intereses en la explotación comercial de los fondos marinos.
- Balance y perspectivas de la labor de la autoridad: Una aproximació crítica.
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