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LAS CRISIS PROCESALES
El proceso ante el Tribunal Internacional de Justicia puede seguir, desde su incoación hasta su término mediante una sentencia sobre el fondo del asunto, una tramitación más o menos dilatada, pero que, en todo caso, puede entenderse como normal y ordinaria, ya que es resultado de los actos procesales necesarios para las alegaciones, la prueba y la resolución sobre el objeto del proceso -actuaciones previstas para alegar, probar y resolver- y, como es obvio, están previstos en el Estatuto y Reglamento del citado órgano jurisdiccional.
No obstante, además de estos actos procesales, en sede del proceso internacional cabe la existencia de otros motivados por la necesidad de plantear y resolver cuestiones relativas a los presupuestos y requisitos del proceso; esto es, distintos al objeto del proceso(1083). Pues bien, las situaciones procesales resultantes de dichos actos son susceptibles de ser calificadas como crisis procesales(1084) o del proceso.
En consecuencia, bajo la expresión crisis procesales se recogen toda una serie de situaciones que provocan determinadas alteraciones en el desarrollo normal del proceso seguido ante el Tribunal de La Haya.
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CONCEPTO
En sentido amplio, utilizando el término crisis en su significado común, cabe afirmar las crisis del proceso como las "situaciones procesales que, respecto de la regular y ordinaria sucesión de los actos del proceso en orden a la sentencia sobre el fondo, suponen óbice, dilación, suspensión o paralización"(1085). En atención a este sentido amplio, las crisis procesales en sede del proceso ante el Tribunal de La Haya pueden ser definidas como las situaciones que ocasionan alteraciones en la sustanciación normal del proceso conducente a una sentencia sobre el fondo del asunto.
Como es obvio, la amplitud de la definición propuesta conlleva que en la misma se incluyan toda una serie de supuestos que en realidad no son auténticas crisis procesales, piénsese por ejemplo en la terminación del proceso por desistimiento o allanamiento(1086), los incidentes(1087), etc.; es decir, que la concepción amplia de crisis procesal implica que sean incluidos en su ámbito supuestos previstos por el Reglamento. Pero todos estos casos considerados por la normativa procesal propia del proceso ante el Tribunal de La Haya no son verdaderos supuestos de crisis del proceso. De ahí la necesidad de limitar el contenido de la noción ofrecida en orden al estudio de los casos de anormalidad grave, raros e infrecuentes en el desarrollo del proceso ya comenzado.
La limitación voluntariamente impuesta permitirá omitir el estudio de actividades ya analizadas en otras páginas (excepciones, allanamiento, desestimiento, etc.) y dedicar estas páginas únicamente a aquellos supuestos inherentes a tal concepción. A partir de este planteamiento, el supuesto analizado en sede la las crisis procesales será el relativo a la paralización o reposo procesal resultante de la detención del curso del proceso.
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LA PARALIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO
El proceso, como sucesión de actos encadenados en el tiempo, es un devenir continuo hasta su terminación y, naturalmente, puede ser objeto de una paralización que, en tanto que crisis del proceso, afecta a la actividad procesal. En este contexto, la paralización del proceso(1088) puede ser entendida como aquel efecto de detención del proceso ya incoado ante el Tribunal Internacional de Justicia, pero aún no finalizado, producido por una crisis del mismo, que tiene como resultado su detención total o la de los autos principales, hasta que se remueva aquélla del modo legalmente previsto(1089).
Los supuestos de las crisis procesales de la actividad procesal al que son inherentes un efecto paralizador del proceso pueden clasificarse bajo los epígrafes de interrupción y suspensión(1090) del proceso. Por tanto, el proceso puede en su normal sustanciación sufrir paralizaciones resultantes de interrupciones o suspensiones.
Las dos categorías indicadas tienen una misma naturaleza y un efecto común. Ambas categorías tienen naturaleza temporal, pues una vez removidos los obstáculos que provocaron la paralización cabe la reanudación del proceso. El efecto común de las dos categorías indicadas es la paralización del proceso(1091). No obstante, obviando polémicas doctrinales, hay que señalar que no existe una definición clara de lo que deba entenderse por suspensión e interrupción del proceso y de aquí que, como sostiene RAMOS MÉNDEZ, cada estudioso de la materia se vea en la necesidad de definir previamente los conceptos(1092).
3.1. Suspensión
En atención a lo afirmado en el párrafo precedente puede afirmarse que la doctrina ha sido prolija a la hora de definir...
- Libros y Revistas
- El proceso ante el Tribunal Internacional de Justicia
- Parte quinta. Crisis del proceso internacional
La paralización del proceso
Autor: | José B. Acosta Estévez |
Cargo del Autor: | Profesor de Derecho Internacional Público |
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Request your trial- El proceso ante el Tribunal Internacional de Justicia
- Parte quinta. Crisis del proceso internacional
- La paralización del proceso
- Conclusiones
- Formularios
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