Fuentes del derecho internacional humanitario
| Author | Rodríguez-Villasante y Prieto, José Luis |
| Pages | 31-33 |
3. FUENTES DEL DERECHO INTERNACIONAL HUMANITARIO
3.1. FUENTES DEL DIH
El Derecho Internacional Humanitario (o DICA) surgió de la aceptación por
los Estados de los «usos y costumbres de la guerra» (origen consuetudinario).
Las fuentes del Derecho Internacional Humanitario (o DICA) se identifican
con el sistema de fuentes del Derecho Internacional. Ahora bien, al lado de las
fuentes convencionales, existen importantes fuentes de origen interno.
Así, las fuentes del Derecho Internacional Humanitario (o DICA) son:
Normas internacionales
Derivadas del consentimiento directo de los Estados bien de forma expresa
o escrita como los tratados o de forma tácita y normalmente no escrita como la
costumbre internacional o los principios generales del derecho, que también
se derivan del consentimiento de los Estados, aunque haya que deducir su for-
mulación del conjunto de normas generalmente aceptadas por la Comunidad
internacional.
Normas de derecho interno de los Estados
Particularmente aquellas que establecen las «reglas de conducta» de sus
Fuerzas en los conflictos armados y las que castigan los crímenes de guerra.
3.2. LOS TRATADOS INTERNACIONALES
Son la primera y más importante fuente del Derecho Internacional Humanita-
rio (o DICA). En los Tratados, Convenios o Acuerdos Internacionales se manifiesta
de modo expreso y escrito el consentimiento de los Estados como creadores
de normas jurídicas internacionales. Sin negar la importancia de los llamados
tratados bilaterales o multilaterales no normativos (como el Tratado de paz),
en la regulación jurídica de los conflictos armados tienen la mayor importancia
los denominados tratados multilaterales normativos, para los que se reserva el
nombre de CONVENIO O CONVENCIONES.
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