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- Soberanía, Monarquía y Unidad en el Auge Del Absolutismo Francés (1519-1715). Antología de Textos
- El Galicanismo
El Galicanismo
Pages | 121-123 |
Page 121
La doctrina que regula las relaciones entre la Iglesia francesa, el Estado francés y el Papado fueron tradicionalmente, y a pesar de este último, enmarcadas bajo los planteamientos defendidos como libertades de la Iglesia de Francia, posteriormente referidas como galicanismo. Los textos y publicaciones al respecto son incesantes. En 1594, Pierre Pithou escribe Las Libertades de la Iglesia Galicana, en 1605 aparece la obra de Jean Filesac que aboga por el respeto a la autoridad e independencia de los obispos franceses frente al Papa, la La Autoridad Sagrada de los Obipos. Todas las obras de juristas son reunidas en 1609 bajo una misma publicación por Jacques Gillot aunque no cesarían de salir a la luz nuevos tratados y libros. En 1612 El Poder Eclesiástico & Político de Edmon Richer, en 1625 Del Poder Real sobre la Política Eclesiástica de Jacques Boutreaux d´Estiau, impreso por Pierre Durand. Pierre Dupuy, por su parte, contribuye años más tarde a la tensión de las relaciones con su Tratados de los Derechos & Libertades de la Iglesia Galicana y Pruebas de las Libertades de la Iglesia Galicana ambos de 163981.
Como cabe intuir la importancia de las consideraciones que agrupa esta denominación fue vital en esta época e incluso hasta la Revolución. Dicha doctrina y su defensa fueron parte de la estrategia con la que se logró pacificar el Estado tras las guerras de religión. Además, es causa y a la vez resultado de la configuración de la noción de soberanía en Francia. Sin bien se trata de una doctrina cuyos antecedentes no cabe remontar hasta donde la fantasía de la mayoría de
Page 122
sus defensores de entonces pretende, en todo caso sí que hay precedentes muy anteriores a la época que aquí se trata. La obra de P. Pithou es un claro exponente de la importancia que cobra la doctrina en el contexto inmediatamente previo al Edicto de Nantes.
El galicanismo bebe de la fuente común que nutre al Derecho divino de los reyes, al absolutismo y a la noción de soberanía, es decir, del hecho de que el rey haya sido designado directamente por Dios (sin mediar la intervención de los hombres) y que, por tanto, ostenta el mismo lugar jerárquico que el Papa. Asimismo, supone que ningún hombre, pueblo, órgano del Estado o religioso puede ni juzgarle en el cumplimiento de su función divina, ni, por supuesto, deponerle de su cargo. Ahora bien, al cargo divino se corresponden algunas obligaciones de carácter político y terrenal. La primera de estas...
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