R
Author | Ramón R Abarca Fernández |
Pages | 94-97 |
Page 94
Raptus: Rapto Delito que consiste en llevarse a una mujer por fuerza o por medio de ruegos eficaces, o si se trata de una menor de doce años.
Ratihabitio: Ratihabición. Es la declaración que uno hace de su voluntad con respecto a algún acto que otro hizo por él, aprobándolo y confirmando su validez. Según esto, la ratihabición se diferencia de la ratificación solamente en que ésta tiene una significación más externa comprendiendo la ratificación como el género comprende la especie, puesto que la ratificación significa la confirmación de lo que nosotros hemos hecho anteriormente y de lo que otro ha hecho en nuestro nombre sin preceder nuestro mandato, mientras que la ratihabición tiene fuerza retroactiva, retrocediendo los efectos legales al día en que se ejecutó el contrato o acto legal, Ratihabitatio retratrahitur ad initium (la ratihabición hace retroceder hacia el inicio), siempre y cuando desde su origen el acto o contrato no haya sido nulo legalmente, puesto que ya es conocida la regla de derecho que establece que lo que es nulo en un principio es nulo siempre.
No obstante, esta nulidad debe ser esencial o absoluta, pues, de lo contrario, si sólo hubiese un defecto exterior que diere lugar a la rescisión del contrato por la restitución de la cosa, por el derecho de la ratihabición quedaría válido el contrato o acto legal, adquiriendo toda la fuerza de que fuese susceptible. La ratihabición equivale al mandato; ratihabitatio mandato equiparatur, de manera que cuando uno ratifica lo que otro hizo en nombre suyo equivale a si le hubiese mandado que en su nombre ejecutara tal acto o contrato.
Ratihabitio mandato aequiparatur: La ratihabición se equipara al mandato. Esta regla da a entender que la aprobación de lo que otro ha hecho en nuestro nombre vale tanto como si lo hubiéramos mandado hacer.
Ratio: Cuenta, cálculo. En un principio designaba las cuentas privadas o públicas, pero por extensión, durante el Imperio, designó esta palabra una administración financiera, un servicio con el personal correspondiente y sus oficinas. La res privata (asunto privado) tenía como dependencia el servicio de los bienes de las emperatrices, la ratio Augustae, y la ratio operarum publicarum.
Ratio dicendi: Arte oratoria.
Rationabile obsequium: Obsequio razonable. Palabras de San Pablo para designar que la sumisión del creyente a la autoridad divina est basada en fundamentos racionales.
Rationales: Funcionarios. Funcionarios que tenían a su cargo en Roma la administración del aerarium sacrum o sacrae largitiones, y el erario privado del emperador. La palabra rationales deriva de "ratio" reemplazando en muchos casos la palabra procurator. Para el fisco el a rationibus se llama rationalis desde la época de los flavios, coexistiendo las dos palabras hasta la ‚poca de Dioclesiano, aunque con ciertas alteraciones hasta que entre 340 y 345 el título de rationalis es reemplazado por el de comes sacrarum largitionum. Para la res privata el título de magister privatae rei (maestro de cosa privada) no fue...
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