Reunión del G8 en Rusia: el Director General de la OIT hace un llamamiento a favor de una respuesta global al "aumento del desempleo"
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MOSCÚ - El Sr. Somavía afirmó ante la reunión de los Ministros de Trabajo y Empleo del G8 que "en realidad, a pesar de un cuatrienio de notable crecimiento en todo el mundo, no estamos reduciendo el déficit global de trabajo decente. Hemos de abordar abiertamente esta desconexión entre el crecimiento económico y el del empleo".
Aunque el PIB mundial creció en más de un 4%, la tasa mundial de desempleo del 6,3% se ha mantenido constante en los dos últimos años. Además, este crecimiento sin generación de empleo constituye únicamente la punta del iceberg. El número de pobres que trabajan y subsisten con menos de 2 dólares de Estados Unidos al día es ocho veces superior a la cifra de personas que constituyen el denominado desempleo a la luz (open unemployment).
Entre otros retos que afronta el mercado de trabajo mundial, el Sr. Somavía citó el incremento del trabajo informal no registrado, un aumento previsto de 430 millones de personas que se incorporarán por primera vez a la población activa mundial en los 10 próximos años, y un crecimiento de la cifra de jóvenes desempleados.
Más del 13% de los 630 millones de jóvenes integrados en la población activa se encuentran en situación de desempleo, una proporción de dos a cuatro veces superior a la de los trabajadores adultos.
El Director General de la OIT hizo hincapié en la necesidad implementar "políticas convergentes, equitativas y equilibradas y de estrategias de ajuste en un ámbito laboral en rápida transformación". El ajuste ha de ser equitativo para todos: gobiernos, trabajadores, empresas y consumidores. "Éste es un aspecto primordial de la dimensión social de la globalización", señaló.
De acuerdo con el Sr. Somavía, es necesaria tanto una acción internacional coordinada, como políticas nacionales sólidas para abordar estas cuestiones. El Director General de la OIT subrayó el papel esencial de liderazgo de los países del G8 en la provisión de la asistencia técnica y financiera necesaria para materializar los objetivos del trabajo decente como fundamento para atenuar la pobreza y avanzar en el desarrollo.
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