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Author | José Marqueño de Llano |
Profession | Presidente del Consejo General del Notariado de España |
Pages | 9-12 |
Page 9
El reciente proceso de supresión de trabas en las relaciones económicas internacionales ha generado una intensificación sin precedentes de los inter- cambios, convirtiendo al mundo en un mercado global, con un crecimiento de la riqueza, tanto en los países desarrollados como en las economías emergentes, que se ha dado muy pocas veces en la historia de la humanidad. Sin embargo, como lamentablemente nos ha recordado la crisis financiera desencadenada en los últimos meses, que se está intensificando progresivamente, y cuya dimensión final es aún hoy imprevisible, no es posible la creación de nuevas formas de relación económica sin el derecho, sin un conjunto coherente y adecuado de normas e instituciones que las ordenen.
El fenómeno presenta un llamativo paralelismo con el proceso que se desencadenó en Europa a partir del año 1.000, cuando un comercio marítimo incipiente en zonas de Italia y de Flandes va tomando un impulso cada vez mayor, que se contagia progresivamente a las zonas del interior. Esto produce la aparición de un nuevo grupo social, los comerciantes, que, libres de la vinculación a la tierra y de las limitaciones a su albedrío que la misma imponía, viajan sin trabas por todas las regiones del Mediterráneo y de la Europa interior, en busca de las mejores oportunidades de negocio que cada lugar pudiera ofrecer. A estos mercaderes, para resolver los conflictos que sus contratos pudieran generar, no les sirve el derecho entonces vigente, que es un derecho predominantemente agrario, inspirado por la estabilidad propia del derecho de propiedad inmueble y de las relaciones de vasallaje y dependencia feudal, y con unos procedimientos judiciales rígidos y formalistas incapaces de dar solución a las cuestiones que ante ellos se plantean. Por ello, los comerciantes, que no pertenecen a ninguna región, sino que actúan en todo el mundo que se encuentra físicamente a su alcance, desarrollarán un derecho propio, el ius mercatorum, a partir de una costumbre comercial que se va decantando progresivamente en las ferias y mercados y que va siendo poco a poco aceptada y aplicada por sus tribunales propios.
Pues bien, en el actual escenario, caracterizado por una proliferación creciente de contratos transnacionales que tienen sus distintos elementos personales, reales, formales y propiamente normativos dispersos entre diferentes países, el tratamiento de los problemas que la práctica va presentando precisa de nuevos instrumentos legales e...
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