La OIT acoge un Congreso sobre ingresos básicos
Un ingreso básico para todos... ¿la solución a la pobreza en el mundo? De acuerdo con la Red Europea de Ingreso Básico (BIEN en su acrónimo inglés), que celebró recientemente su 9º Congreso en la sede de la OIT, una solución consistiría en facilitar un subsidio diario que cubriese las necesidades básicas de los desfavorecidos de todo el mundo.
GINEBRA- ¿Cómo se salva a 1.200 millones de personas de la pobreza extrema? Existe una respuesta obvia: ofreciéndoles un trabajo. Sin embargo, la creación de un volumen de empleo semejante no es tarea fácil. La idea de la BIEN es proporcionar a aquéllos que viven con menos de un dólar al día un ingreso básico garantizado de un dólar adicional, todos los días. Según sus defensores, esta medida evitaría hambrunas y sentaría los cimientos para la consecución de una solución permanente.
Países tan diversos como Brasil y Estados Unidos han experimentado con éxito regímenes de concesión de un ingreso básico. En países donde existe el estado del bienestar, la sustitución de las prestaciones de desempleo por un ingreso básico podría eliminar las 'trampas del desempleo', que dan lugar a que los perceptores de bajos ingresos pierdan sus prestaciones si ocupan un puesto de trabajo. Guy Standing, copresidente del Congreso y director del programa de seguridad socioeconómica de la OIT, señaló que esta cuestión adquiere cada vez más importancia en el temario político. 'La primera vez que aludimos a este concepto nos tacharon de locos, dañinos y peligrosos. Sin embargo, ahora nos reciben favorablemente numerosos responsables de la formulación de políticas', aseguró Standing a los informadores. En su alocución al Congreso, Juan Somavia, Director General de la OIT, expresó su satisfacción por la existencia de un debate sobre esta cuestión, y apuntó a la inseguridad de los ingresos como una de las consecuencias más perniciosas de la desigualdad mundial. 'Para escapar de esta trampa de la pobreza en el mundo, las personas necesitan seguridad. La seguridad que deriva de irse a dormir por la noche sabiendo que la familia y uno mismo no van a despertar al día siguiente hambrientos y humillados', afirmó.
Un ingreso básico podría justificarse además por otras razones ajenas a las de la justicia social. El Sr. Somavia subrayó que 'todos hemos visto como la ausencia de seguridad económica y social lleva a la desesperación y a la tentación de actuar de manera destructiva'. Un mundo dividido y desigual en el que aumenta la ira contra una población adinerada que envejece en el norte no constituye una perspectiva atractiva para nadie.
El reto de BIEN consiste ahora en convencer a la comunidad internacional de la viabilidad de este sistema. Está previsto que su 10º Congreso se celebre en Barcelona en 2004.
Para más información, véase www.basicincome.org
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