Más niños, menos profesores: aulas cada vez más abarrotadas
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GINEBRA - En el estudio 1 publicado por la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) en París se concluye que el incesante crecimiento de la población abarrota las aulas de todo el mundo a un ritmo alarmante. El incremento del número de niños en edad escolar superó al aumento de la cifra de profesores en todas las regiones durante la década de 1990, lo que llevó al hacinamiento de las aulas con proporciones incluso de 100 alumnos por profesor en algunos países.
Los datos ponen de manifiesto el esfuerzo concertado que se ha invertido en muchas regiones en desarrollo donde se registra la mayor demanda de personal docente y donde dos tercios de los 59 millones de profesores activos en el mundo viven y trabajan. El número de profesores de primaria en esos países aumentó como media casi en un 9% entre 1990 y 1995. Sin embargo, según se consigna en el informe, la población de niños de edades correspondientes al período de enseñanza primaria creció en la misma proporción en esos mismos países.
En los países industrializados, el envejecimiento del personal docente y la escasez de nuevas incorporaciones, debida al desánimo que provoca un declive en el reconocimiento de su labor profesional y la limitada cuantía de su remuneración, amenazan con deteriorar la calidad de la educación, precisamente en un momento en el que la necesidad de nuevos conocimientos y destrezas experimenta un acusado aumento.
En el informe se analiza además quién se incorpora a la profesión. Aunque el número de profesoras creció sin pausa a lo largo de la década de 1990, el porcentaje de mujeres docentes sigue siendo muy inferior al 50% del total en muchos países del África subsahariana y del sur de Asia, donde la presencia de maestras podría contribuir a elevar la escolarización de niñas.
Por otra parte, a pesar del número creciente de profesoras en todo el mundo, las mujeres siguen encontrándose infrarrepresentadas (a menudo flagrantemente) en los puestos de dirección, lo que prueba una vez más que el 'techo de cristal' constituye aún una realidad en el ámbito de la educación.
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1 Statistical Profile of the Teaching Profession, de Maria Teresa Siniscalco. El informe se basa en la información obtenida de diversas fuentes, entre las que figura la Red de Información sobre la Educación en la Comunidad Europea (Eurydice), la Oficina Internacional de Educación de la UNESCO, la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) y la UNESCO. El informe se encuentra disponible asimismo en francés.
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