La gente del mar pide socorro. ¿Puede la OIT y la OMI rescatar a la gente de mar abandonada?
Pages | 22-23 |
LONDRES - El Grupo de trabajo señaló que, si bien había un número considerable de instrumentos internacionales que abordan ciertos aspectos de los problemas relativos al abandono, muerte y lesiones personales de la gente de mar, ninguno trataba de forma global el problema.
El Grupo de trabajo, que se estableció tras su presentación al Comité jurídico de la OMI en 1998 y 1999, acordó que la mejor solución sería un enfoque conjunto OMI/OIT para examinar los problemas y elaborar recomendaciones dirigidas a los organismos superiores.
Un serie de instrumentos de la OIT contienen cláusulas relativas a las condiciones de trabajo a bordo de buques y a los derechos y obligaciones de los empleadores y trabajadores del sector, y se ocupan de la seguridad del transporte por vía marítima y de garantizar que los buques cumplen las normas internacionales, incluidas las garantías financieras.
El Grupo de trabajo señaló que el cumplimiento de las normas internacionales es esencial y que debe evitarse cualquier medida que fomente una navegación que no cumpla las normas requeridas.
El Grupo de trabajo acordó lo siguiente:
Los países de pabellón deben establecer mecanismos reales y efectivos para cumplir sus obligaciones y garantizar que los propietarios repatríen a los miembros de su tripulación/marinos y aborden todos los aspectos del problema. Los principales aspectos relacionados con los problemas de abandono de tripulaciones de buques incluyen la repatriación, el apoyo a los miembros de la tripulación cuando los buques están varados, el estatuto de los inmigrantes y la cuestión del pago de remuneraciones atrasadas.
La OIT debe promover la ratificación del Convenio de repatriación de gente de mar (revisado), 1987 (nº 166), evaluar el alcance del incumplimiento de los instrumentos existentes de la OIT y examinar las carencias inherentes de estos convenios en lo que respecta a las reclamaciones de la tripulación.
Se espera que el Grupo de trabajo vuelva a reunirse durante el año 2000, tras los debates en la OMI y la OIT. Se prevé revisar los instrumentos existentes relativos al abandono, la muerte y las lesiones personales de la gente de mar y considerar la adopción de disposiciones a largo plazo, como el establecimiento de un fondo internacional o medidas nacionales para abordar la situación.
Fuente: Fax OMI 14/99
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