Export Packaging.

Q. What are some of the technical aspects of packaging?

Packaging materials. Some of the packaging materials currently in use are set out below.

Physical and chemical protection. Permanent protection can be provided by treating surfaces with protective substances such as anti-rust zinc-phosphate-based paint. Products such as waxes and resins, which are removed when the goods are unpacked, can provide temporary protection. Anti-corrosive papers, thin film protection, protective oils and greases, silica gels and volatile corrosion inhibitors are effective means of controlling corrosion. Waterproof barriers can be supplemented with polyethylene or heat-welded fabrics, with or without sachets of dehydration inside the water-proofed space. Proper ventilation can also control condensation.

Mechanical protection. Mechanical protection, provided to control strains during shipment (compression, bending, torsion, shearing, jolting and vibration) can be supplemented by space fillers inside the package to prevent the merchandise from moving within the package. Fragile items must be treated differently and isolated from the container walls by means of suspension devices (shock absorbers and damping devices to minimize vibration).

Protection against theft. Effective protection against theft demands a series of precautions. Hooping with metal or even plastic straps prevents entry and also strengthens packages and improves closure. The contents of the packages should not be indicated on the outermost package. Goods should be shipped by the most direct route possible.

Marking. Marking, like packaging, is the responsibility of the exporter and is carried out at his or her expense. It is important to note that carriers and insurers are relieved of liability if marking is defective. The cost of marketing is to be included in the price quoted. The exporter should make use of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommendations on marking.

Packing list. On completion of packing and marketing, a packing list is prepared with the following particulars for each package: marks, numbers, gross weight in...