Mountain people still marginalized and malnourished.

Mountains are crucial to life. Hosting more bio-diversity than any other eco-region on earth, mountains also provide most of the worlds fresh water. More than 3 billion people rely on mountains for water to drink and grow food, produce electricity and sustain industries. However, policies concerning the management of those resources are made often from afar, leaving mountain communities with very little influence and power.

Although mountain people represent about 12 per cent of the global population, their communities carry a much larger portion of the burden, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). A disproportionately high number--815 million--of the world's hungriest and chronically malnourished people live in mountain regions. In a message to the International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Mountains, held in Adelboden, Switzerland, FAO DirectorGeneral Jacques Diouf said malnutrition and food insecurity in mountain regions contributed to increased disease and disability, and the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people fleeing drought and famine.

The high levels of malnutrition and hunger in mountain areas have much to do with the inaccessibility, complexity and fragility of their environments, and the extent to which mountain people are often marginalized. In the Ethiopian highlands, as well as in the Upper Rwaba watershed of Burundi, for example, inequities of land distribution, coupled with population growth, have increased poverty and food insecurity. In the Peruvian Andes, two of every three households do not possess enough arable land to grow foods required to meet their nutritional needs. Every day, mountain people face immense physical barriers--rugged terrain, poor communications systems and inadequate roads.

Millions of people in the Andes, Himalayas and other large mountain areas suffer from goitre and cretinism because melting snow and heavy rainfall regularly leach fragile mountain soils of their iodine...