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- La Justificación Del Tiranicidio
La justificación del tiranicidio
Pages | 151-154 |
Page 151
Enrique III y su sucesor Enrique IV fueron asesinados dando así fin a sus reinados el 1 de agosto de 1589 y el 14 de mayo de 1610 respectivamente. Ambos fueron asesinados a causa del celo católico, sobre el que se superpuso el celo político. Dicha confusión de pasiones era un problema de dimensión europea, como se ve en la controversia entre Jacobo I de Inglaterra y el Cardenal Belarmino93.
En el caso de Enrique IV, a diferencia de lo acontecido tras el asesinato de Enrique III, los Parlamentos no fueron tomados y controlados por representantes de la Liga. En este caso procedieron a actuar en aras de la libertad política del reino, prohibiendo la entrada de la doctrina que había justificado y sugestionado a Ravaillac a cometer el crimen. Según Mousnier, tras el castigo infligido en forma de cruel tortura al regicida Ravaillac "hubo muchos que pensaron que había más culpables, mucho más peligrosos que Ravaillac: aquellos que respondían que en ocasiones está permitido matar a un jefe de Estado. No hay más que un solo grito: es la culpa de los jesuitas"94.
Ello a pesar de que las relaciones del asesino con estos eran meramente circunstanciales. Sin embargo, como se pone de relieve en los textos inmediatamente publicados tras el crimen, la duda no tiene
Page 152
lugar: "Y para dar vuestro fallo, señores, contra su sociedad, sus con-juras, ¿qué más fundamentos queréis?¿ qué más os hace falta? Así, estos actos multiplicados desde entonces, que germinan a nuestra costa, a costa de nuestros príncipes, ¿no os muestran que estas máximas han pasado a ser ley, a ser cosa juzgada y que son parte de su canon, de su regla y que las han tornado en su habitud y naturaleza?"95. Ya con el crimen de su padre, Enrique III de la mano de Jacques Clément, las iras se habían dirigido contra los escritores que, como Juan de Mariana en su De rege et regis institutione, libri III de 1605, alababan el tiranicidio como defensa política de la salvación de la comunidad. En aquel caso, sin embargo, la existencia de la Liga católica mitigó y aun justificó el asesinato96. Es cierto, no obstante, que la muerte inmediata del asesino de Enrique III no dio pie a una ejecución pública que removiese las iras contenidas del pueblo. En el caso de Enrique IV dio lugar a una respuesta unánime contra este tipo de doctrina tan contraria a la francesa del Derecho Divino de los Reyes y tan perjudicial para la estabilidad política del reino. Hubo entonces un único enemigo...
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- La justificación del tiranicidio
- La justificación del tiranicidio
- EXTRACTO DE REGISTROS DEL PARLAMENTO DE PARÍS contra el libro titulado, Tratactus de potestate summi Pontificis in temporalibus adversus Guillilmum Barclaium, auctore Roberto Sanctae Ecclesiae Romanae CARDINALI BELLARMINO, 1610
- BEDÉ de la GORMANDIERE; El Derecho de los Reyes contra el Cardenal Belarmino & otros Jesuitas, 1611
- SENTENCIA DE LA CORTE DE PARLAMENTO dada el 26 & ejecutada el 27 de junio de 1614
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