La idea de Europa: Historia, Cultura, Política
Author | Santiago Petschen |
Pages | 357-358 |
García Picazo, P., La idea de Europa: Historia, Cultura, Política. Tecnos. Madrid, 2008, 322 pp.
Page 357
Estamos en presencia de un libro sobre Europa escrito con gran densidad y apoyado en una gran erudición. La autora ha querido empezar por reconocer, antes de entrar en la historia, que «el "genio" europeo ostenta, como una de sus manías, la búsqueda de verdades abstractas». Y con esa persuasión hace un recorrido desde la etimología de la palabra Europa «la de la amplia faz», hasta los últimos símbolos nacidos en nuestro tiempo. Lo mismo hace al adentrarse en la razón con sus diversos aspectos como el de la libertad «opuesta a la servidumbre asiática» y la justicia que «todo lo ve con mirada imparcial» como el sol. Después de los tres primeros capítulos a los que nos hemos referido siguen otros tres dedicados a la Historia: la Antigüedad y la Edad Media; el Renacimiento y el Barroco; la Enciclopedia y las Revoluciones.
El Imperio Romano y su hundimiento es uno de los pilares más firmes de Europa. Un aspecto muy importante de Europa es el que viene de la cultura, de las instituciones y de los símbolos del Imperio Romano. Saltemos a la Ilustración. Otra vez nos volvemos a encontrar con los densos párrafos que no tienen ningún desperdicio como uno que se titula «La Ilustración, pensar sin fronteras». Vayamos por fin a la última parte. Dos temas de carácter negativo parece que tienen una preferencia espe-Page 358cial en la reflexión sobre Europa: la decadencia y el nacionalismo. Para explicar la decadencia, la autora acude a lo que sucede con el universo. La energía disponible se disipa (entropía). Las cosas se desestructuran. La calidad de la energía disminuye. Fueron los descubrimientos de la física los que instauraron una nueva era en la historia del pensamiento. Lo intelectual fue sustituido por lo anti-intelectual. Tras haber vivido un período de varios siglos de cultura, bajo el predominio de lo espiritual (saber, filosofía, valores), había evolucionado hacia una civilización caracterizada por el fuerte peso de lo material (la técnica, el mercado, los intereses). Es en...
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