El estudio de las relaciones internacionales.
Author | Sepúlveda Almarza, Alberto |
Eduardo Ortiz (Santiago, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2000).
Cuando Estados Unidos emergió como superpotencia, ya en los años de la Primera Guerra Mundial, pasó de una etapa histórica caracterizada por el aislamiento a otra --especialmente a contar de los años cuarenta-- enmarcada en una activa participación internacional en todos los confines de la Tierra. Y se planteó el problema de la formación de cuadros capaces de analizar y diseñar estrategias mundiales y de formar a los nuevos especialistas. De ahí que al término de la Segunda Guerra Mundial vino el "boom" de las Escuelas y Centros de relaciones internacionales.
Chile está pasando por un fenómeno parecido. Desde 1879 hasta gran parte de la década de los noventa, nuestra política exterior estuvo centrada en sólo cuatro países. Por una parte, los vecinos: Argentina, Bolivia, Perú, de quienes se temía un ataque conjunto para finiquitar, por la fuerza, viejos diferendos fronterizos. Y por otra, Estados Unidos, la superpotencia que garantizaba la paz y el orden en el continente.
Esta etapa termina en los noventa y hoy Chile incursiona por todo el mundo buscando mercados para sus productos de exportación y para ello ha negociado o negocia acuerdos de libre comercio con América Latina, la Unión Europea y Estados Unidos. Y se abren interesantes posibilidades de negociaciones con algunos países del Asia.
De un día para otro, Chile se globalizó y se insertó en la política y en la economía mundiales y, al igual que Estados Unidos en los años cuarenta, carecemos de especialistas y de una importante cantidad de centros de relaciones internacionales.
No existe, además, coherencia entre los diversos cursos de "Relaciones Internacionales" que han surgido en Chile, ya que hay diferentes énfasis en los aspectos metodológicos y de contenido.
En Estados Unidos se concibe la política internacional como una rama de la ciencia política y, en estas condiciones, desligada de otras disciplinas. En Gran Bretaña, la prioridad pasa...
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