Bearing the burden: the impact of climate change on women and men is not the same. Women are increasingly more vulnerable, mainly because they represent the majority of the world's poor and are proportionally more dependent on threatened natural resources.

HUMAN SECURITY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND WOMEN

BY IRENE DANKELMAN, Professor, Centre for Sustainable Management of Resources, Radboud University, Netherlands.

HUMAN SECURITY CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON WOMEN SECURITY ASPECTS Security of Mortality/ * Mortality/ * Overall more Survival injury injury from women than men die different extreme or are injured weather events/ disasters Health * Increase in * Bearing the infectious burden of taking diseases care of the sick/ disabled * Physical and * Increase in mental stress mental stress * Loss of * Lack of access to medicinal plants/ reproductive health biodiversity services * Greater risk of HIV/AIDS due to early marriage, forced prostitution, sexual violence Security of Food Security * Harvests * Bearing the livelihood destroyed burden of more time, energy and budget requirements for food production and purchase * Agricultural * Stand in line for production humanitarian food changes/ drops distribution * Fish stocks * Increase in work decrease burden * Increase in calorie-deficiency and hunger Water * Lack of water * More time/energy Security needed to provide water for household/farm * Pollution and * Suffer from water salination water-related health problems * Flooding * Lack of biomass * More time and fuel energy needed to collect fuel Energy * Dysfunctioning * Increase in work Security hydropower burden * Disruption in * Inferior energy electricity sources--more supply indoor pollution Environmental * Environmental * Poorest women security processes and living in insecure services environments most jeopardized affected Shelter * Housing, * Limited land security infrastructure rights and services destroyed * Not included in land management * Decrease in mobility Economic * Decrease in * Women in informal security income generating sector most opportunities effected (eg, less credit) * Household expenses increase * Males migrate--more female-headed households Dignity Basic human * Triggers * Increase in rights violation of domestic violence basic human against women; rights suffering from wars/conflicts over resources Capacity * Lack of * Girls drop out of opportunities for school education and income generation * Little time for education/ training/income generation Participation * None or limited * Lack of involvement in participation in decision-making; climate change lack of negotiations, information; lack planning and of time activities * Women-specific priorities neglected HUMAN SECURITY COPING...