El Wittgenstein de Hart

Pages165-174
AuthorBrian H. Bix
165EL DERECHO BAJO LA LUPA ANALÍTICA
FILOSOFÍA DEL DERECHO DE LOS FILÓSOFOS ANALÍTICOS
EL WITTGENSTEIN DE HART
SUMARIO.
1. Introducción. 2. Influ encia directa. 3. Influencia in directa I: Friedrich Waismann.
4. Influencia indirec ta II: J. L. Austin. 5. Conclusión. 6. Refer encias.
BRIAN H. BIX
1
FILOSOFÍA ANALÍTICA DEL DERECHO
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
H. L. A. Hart f ue, sin lugar a dudas, uno de los filósofos del derecho de lengua
inglesa más importantes del siglo pasado. Su influencia principal se ha ejercido so-
bre las teorías acerca de la naturaleza del derecho y sobre cuestiones metodológicas
relativas a dicha teorización; sin embargo, su obra también ha sido relevante en lo
que respecta a la responsabilidad penal, la naturaleza de los derechos, la causalidad
jurídica, los debates sobre la aplicación jurídica de la moralidad, así como en muchos
otros temas de la filosofía jurídica, moral y pol ítica.2
En cierto sentido, puede resultar equívoco hablar del «Wittgenstein de Hart».
No parece que Hart tuviera opiniones detalladas acerca de las ideas filosóficas de
Wittgenstein. No obstante, como mínimo, la obra de Wittgenstein ejerció una in-
fluencia indirecta significativa a través de dos colegas de Hart en la Universidad de
Oxford: Friedrich Waismann, colaborador ocasional de Wittgenstein, y el filósofo
del lenguaje J. L. Austin, cuyas ideas par alelaron o se superpusieron con las de Witt-
genstein en sus períodos medio y tardío.3
En lo que sigue, la Parte II examina cuáles podrían haber sido las influen-
cias directas de Wittgenstein sobre Hart, mientras que las Partes III y IV evalúan
la influencia indirecta de Wittgenstein a través de Waismann y Austin, antes de
concluir.
1 Profesor en la University of Minnesota Law School (EE.UU.). ORCID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0001-6644-7241.
2 Para un panorama útil sobre la obra y la influencia de Hart, véanse MacCormick 2008 y Kra-
mer 2018.
3 La medida en que Wittgenstein influyó en Austin sigue siendo motivo de controversia. Para
una buena evaluación reciente de la evidencia (que encuentra cierta influencia), véase Harris
y Unnsteinsson 2018.

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