El transhumanismo, las nuevas tecnologías y el derecho a la integridad física
| Pages | 17-44 |
| Date | 01 January 2023 |
| Author | Franco Andrés Melchiori |
| Subject Matter | Derecho Internacional |
Revista Internacional de Derechos Humanos / E-ISSN 2422-7188 / 2023 Vol. 13, No. 1
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El transhumanismo, las nuevas tecnologías
y el derecho a la integridad física
Transhumanism, New Technologies, and the Right to Physical
Integrity
FRANCO ANDRÉS MELCHIORI
1
Resumen:
El transhumanismo representa diversos desafíos a la
ciencia jurídica. Algunas posturas definidas como transhumanistas
proponen fines y medios que podrían ser cuestionables. En este
trabajo, luego de efectuar una breve síntesis de qué es el
transhumanismo y mencionar algunos de los posibles inconvenientes
que genera, se trata el tópico de los implantes de nuevas tecnologías
en el cuerpo humano. Al respecto, se sostiene que el producir
modificaciones en las capacidades naturales humanas para llevarlas
al límite de lo humanamente posible o incluir en el ser humano
capacidades que van más allá de su especie, salvo cuando se realicen
para recuperar la funcionalidad que se tenía y se ha perdido o para
tener la misma potencialidad que todo ser humano. Los actos
jurídicos realizados en relación a estas prácticas serían nulos por su
objeto y, en algunos casos, por su finalidad si atenta contra la dignidad
1
Abogado por la Universidad Austral (Argentina), Doctor en Derecho (Universidad
Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina), y Magíster en Teología (Universidad de Navarra,
España). Profesor Adjunto en la Universidad Austral, y asesor en la Cámara de
Diputados de la Provincia de Entre Ríos.
Melchiori / El Transhumanismo, las nuevas tecnologías… / 17-44
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humana. Un objeto implantado en el cuerpo será parte del cuerpo si
su incorporación responde a una necesidad natural y si posee una
unión funcional con este. Si no cumple tales condiciones y, por
ejemplo, ha sido implantado para otorgar capacidades
sobrehumanas, no puede ser considerado parte del cuerpo, sino cosa,
independientemente de su embargabilidad o no.
Palabras clave:
Dignidad humana; derechos humanos;
integridad física; implantes; mejora; transhumanismo;
posthumanismo.
Abstract:
Transhumanism presents multiple challenges to legal
science. Some positions defined as transhumanist propose ends and
means that could be questionable. This article discusses the topic of
implants of new technologies in the human body, after briefly
summarizing what transhumanism is and mentioning some of the
possible inconveniences that it generates. In this regard, it is argued
that producing modifications in the natural human capacities to take
them to the limit of what is humanly possible or to include in the
human being capacities that go beyond his species, except when they
are carried out to recover the functionality that existed and has been
lost or to have the same potentiality as any human being. The legal
acts carried out in relation to these practices would be ineffective due
to their object and, in some cases, due to their purpose if they violate
human digni ty. An object implanted in the body will be part of the
body if its incorporation responds to a natural need and if it has a
functional union with it. If it does not meet such conditions and, for
example, has been implanted to grant superhuman abilities, it cannot
be considered part of the body, but rather a thing, regardless of its
possibility of being seized.
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