The United States foreign corrupt practices act and Latin America: The influence of local prosecutorial efforts in transnational white-collar litigation
| Author | Daniel Pulecio Boek |
| Position | Primary law degree from the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá D.C., Colombia |
| Pages | 21-58 |
Int. Law: Rev. Colomb. Derecho Int. Bogotá (Colombia) N° 24: 21-58, enero - junio de 2014
THE UNITED STATES FOREIGN CORRUPT
PRACTICES ACT AND LATIN AMERICA: THE
INFLUENCE OF LOCAL PROSECUTORIAL
EFFORTS IN TRANSNATIONAL
WHITE-COLLAR LITIGATION
LA LEY DE PRÁCTICAS CORRUPTAS
EXTRANJERAS DE ESTADOS UNIDOS Y
AMÉRICA LATINA: LA INFLUENCIA DE
LOS ESFUERZOS PROCESALES LOCALES
EN LOS LITIGIOS TRANSNACIONALES
DE CUELLO BLANCO
Daniel Pulecio Boek*
Para citar este artículo / to cite this article
Puleci o, D., The United States Foreign Cor rupt Practices Act an d Latin
America: T he Inuen ce of Local Prosecu torial Efforts in Transnatio nal
White-Coll ar Litigation, 24 Internat ional Law, Revi sta Colombian a de
Derecho Internacional, 21-58 (2014).
doi:10.11144/Javerian a.IL14-24.fcpa
ISS N:1692 -8156
* Prima ry law degre e from the Ponti cia Universi dad Javerian a in Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Graduate d with various h onors. Law degre e from the Universit y of the Basque Cou ntry
in Saint Seb astian – Spain. Mas ter Degree in Phi losophy in the Pontic ia Universidad
Javeriana (T hesis pendi ng). Master in Laws from Har vard University, Unite d States of
Americ a. LL.M. paper rec eived Honors. Cur rently acc epted to the MSc i n Crimin ology
and Crim inal Justic e in Oxford Unive rsity, UK. Formerly pr actice d in Colombia for
nearly 4 year s as a litigator and cons ultant with the r m Sampedro & Riveros Abog a-
dos. Curr ently an internation al lawyer at the rm Cle ary Gottlieb Stee n & Hamilton,
Washington D.C. (Admi ssion to the New York Bar pe nding.) Author of the book s Crimes
Against the Soc ial and Economic O rder, and The Dynamic Burd en of Proof in Criminal
Matters. Author of s everal articl es and essays publi shed nationall y and internation ally.
Former profess or at the Ponticia Un iversidad Javeri ana. Email: dpu lecio@gm ail.com.
My opinions do not r epresent the ide as of any institution w ith which I am cur rently in-
volved. In cons equence , all the thoug hts express ed in thi s paper are my sol e responsib ility
and unique ly the product of my inte llect.
Int. Law: Rev. Colomb. Derecho Int. Bogotá (Colombia) N° 24: 21-58, enero - junio de 2014
22 Daniel Pulecio Boek
aBstract
Within the eld and practice o f White-Col lar crimi nality and lit igation in
the transn ational sphere, the us Foreig n Corrupt Prac tices Act occ upies a
central role. W hen a corp oration bribe s a foreign public of cial, the fc Pa as
well as loca l Penal Codes wi ll be violated . Therefore, an indiv idual and/or
corporati on could eventua lly be prosec uted by local author ities and the us
Depart ment of Justice under th e fcPa. This presents double je opardy and
collatera l estoppel is sues, whi ch this pape r will add ress. Furt hermore, th is
paper wil l focus in L atin Ame rican c omparative c rim inal law, to ana lyze the
inuenc e that could – or should– be exer ted over the Doj with t ransnationa l
white-c ollar litigatio n strategies. P rimaril y this paper sug gests that active
involvement of cor porations i n local pros ecutor ial effort s in Lati n Ameri ca
can bring b enecial conse quences in Doj conducted fcPa invest igations.
Keywords author: Foreign corrupt pra ctices act, wh ite-collar cr ime, com-
parative cr imi nal law and pro cedur e, Latin A meric a, tran snationa l litigation
strategie s, double jeopardy, dual s overeignty doct rine, coll ateral estopp el.
Keywords plus: Corrupt prac tices, whit e collar cr imes, cri minal law, tri als,
litigation, res judicata, s overeignty, estoppel.
Int. Law: Rev. Colomb. Derecho Int. Bogotá (Colombia) N° 24: 21-58, enero - junio de 2014
23
The foreign corrupT pracTices acT of uniTed sTaTes and laTin america
Resumen
Dentro del ca mpo y la práctica de l a delincue ncia de cuel lo blanco y los litig ios
en el ámbito tran snacion al, la Le y de Práctica s Corruptas E xtranjeras (FCPA,
por sus siglas e n inglés) ocupa un pa pel central . Cuan do una em presa sobor na a
un funcion ario públi co extranjero, la fcpa, así c omo los código s penales loc ales
son violados . Por tanto, un indiv iduo y la corporaci ón eventualme nte podrían
ser enjuici ados por las au toridades loc ales y el Departa mento de Justic ia bajo
la fcpa. Esto pres enta un doble enj uiciamiento e i mpedimentos c olaterales
que se aborda rán en este artícul o. Por otra parte, este artíc ulo se centrará
en el derecho pe nal comparado lati noamericano, pa ra analizar la inu encia
que podría – o debería – ser ejercida s obre el Departame nto de Justicia co n las
estrategias tra nsnacionales de litig io de cuello blanco. P rincipalmente, este
artículo sug iere que la participació n activa de las empresas en los es fuerzos
scales loca les en América L atina pued e traer consecu encias bene ciosas
en el Departam ento de Justicia que haya rea lizado investigaciones fcpa.
Palabras cla ve autor: Ley de prácti cas corruptas extra njeras, crim en de
cuello blanc o, derecho penal c omparado y de proc edimiento, Am érica La-
tina, estrateg ias de litigio tran snacionales , doble enjuicia miento, la doctrin a
soberanía dual, impedimento colateral.
Palabras cla ve descriptores: Prá cticas corrupta s, delitos de cuell o blanco,
derecho pena l, procesos, litig ios, cosa juzgad a, soberanía , impedim ento y
reacusación.
summary
introDuction.- i. the foreign corruPt Practices act.-ii. the issues concern-
ing DouBle jeoParDy anD the fcPa.- A. The Inuen ce of Local Enforceme nt
Efforts and their Re sults over FC PA Prosec utions .- B. The R ole of Corpora-
tions in Cri minal Investigations .- C. The Inuenc e of Foreign Prosecutions
in Light of the United Sta tes Attorney’s Manual and other Relevan t Docu-
ments .- III. DouBle jeoParDy .- A. Generali ties and the “Sam e Offense”
Requireme nt.- B. The Dual Soverei gnty Issue.- C. Collate ral Estoppel.- iv.
Practical aPPlication anD conclusion.- BiBliograPhy.
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