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- Capítulo Primero. La Explotación Del Patrimonio Común de la Humanidad. La Lucha por Un Régimen Internacional Equitativo que Incluya Un Mecanismo Internacional
Solución de controversias y opiniones consultivas
Author | Esther Salamancas Aguado |
Para la solución de las controversias relacionadas con las actividades en la Zona la Convención ha creado, dentro del Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar85, la Sala de Controversias de los Fondos Marinos (en adelante 'la Sala')86 (art. 14, Anexo VI). Se trata de una jurisdicción obligatoria, además de especializada, en la que tienen ius standi o derecho de acceso no sólo los Estados, sino también la Autoridad, la Empresa y los particulares.
La Sala estará integrada por once miembros designados por la mayoría de los miembros elegidos del Tribunal entre ellos. En su designación se asegurará la representación de los principales sistemas jurídicos del mundo, así como una distribución geográfica equitativa. La Convención reconoce además el derecho de la Asamblea de la Autoridad a adoptar recomendaciones de carácter general respecto de la representación y distribución mencionadas (art. 35, Anexo VI).
La Sala tendrá competencia para conocer de varias categorías de controversias con respecto a actividades en la Zona (art. 187). En primer lugar, las controversias entre Estados partes relativas a la interpretación o aplicación de la Parte XI y anexos correspondientes; estas controversias podrán someterse a una sala especial del Tribunal o a una sala ad hoc de la Sala (art. 188.1) 87. En segundo lugar, las controversias entre un Estado Parte y la Autoridad relativas a actos u omisiones de la Autoridad o de un Estado Parte que violen la Parte XI, los anexos correspondientes o las normas, reglamentos y procedimientos de la Autoridad o a actos de la Autoridad que constituyan una extralimitación en el ejercicio de su competencia o una desviación de poder. En tercer lugar, las controversias entre partes contratantes -Estados partes, la Autoridad o la Empresa, las empresas estatales y las personas naturales o jurídicas- relativas a la interpretación o aplicación de un contrato o un plan de trabajo o a los actos u omisiones de una parte contratante que afecten a la otra parte o menoscaben directamente sus intereses legítimos. Estas controversias podrán someterse igualmente a un arbitraje comercial obligatorio (art. 188.2). En cuarto lugar, las controversias entre la Autoridad y un probable contratista en relación con la denegación de un contrato o con una cuestión jurídica que se suscite en la negociación del contrato.
La competencia de la Sala tiene dos límites importantes: por un lado, no tendrá competencia respecto del ejercicio por la Autoridad de...
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Request your trial- La zona internacional de los fondos marinos
- Capítulo Primero. La explotación del patrimonio común de la humanidad. La lucha por un régimen internacional equitativo que incluya un mecanismo internacional
- El marco global de las negociaciones: La dialéctica estados induestrializados versus estados en desarrollo y otros intereses económicos
- Una solución salomónica: El sistema paralelo
- El débil equilibrio institucional en la autoridad internacional de los fondos marinos
- Solución de controversias y opiniones consultivas
- Aspectos sustantivos e institucionales de las objeciones expresadas por el gobierno de los estados Unidos a la parte XI
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