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- Parte Primera. Los Sistemas de Uniformización Del Derecho Internacional Privado en Materia de Obligaciones y Contratos
Los sistemas de uniformización del derecho internacional privado en materia de obligaciones y contratos
Author | Carmen Parra Rodríguez |
Profession | Profesora de Derecho Internacional Privado de la UB |
La interpretación uniforme de las normas internacionales a través de Principios no es una novedad en el ámbito del Derecho. En este sentido hay que remontarse en la historia hasta la época romana en la cual se utilizó la experiencia para establecer una serie de pautas generales que permitieron a través de la previsibilidad y la flexibilidad, adaptarse a las novedades jurídicas que la sociedad les iba ofreciendo.
Esta generalidad en el planteamiento de la solución de problemas fue recogido en la Edad Media por los estatutarios, los cuales desarrollaron tres grandes categorías, personas, bienes y forma, para dar viabilidad a las cuestiones que se planteaban en los Estatutos italianos, regulación ésta, que ha pervivido hasta nuestros días.
Posteriormente con las codificaciones nacionales se inició una nueva etapa en la cual, a pesar de las corrientes universalistas, se perdió el horizonte uniformizador que había inspirado hasta ese momento el tráfico jurídico externo, dando paso a una regulación compartimentada en la que se asentaron las diferencias entre los ordenamientos internos.
Partiendo de esta base histórica, el marco contractual europeo se ha venido caracterizando por la diversificación establecida en los sistemas jurídicos, situación ésta que ha pervivido durante un gran número de años. Sin embargo, la falta de uniformidad en las soluciones ha producido tal aislamiento en el ámbito internacional, que ha hecho renacer el transfondo histórico a favor de corrientes uniformizadoras a través de las cuales se persigue la armonía internacional de soluciones. Esta regulación se ha desarrollado tanto a nivel universal (regulación uniforme en materia de contratos comerciales del UNIDROIT) como territorial, donde ciñéndonos al ámbito europeo se ha creado un Código Europeo de contratos(1).
A pesar de estos intentos uniformizadores a mi entender osados sobre todo en relación al segundo ejemplo expuesto, existen otros mecanismos más próximos a la situación actual que sirven para unificar el Derecho contractual.
Es en este punto donde deben situarse las tendencias del mundo actual que se dirigen hacia la globalización, cambiando los sistemas interpretativos de los contratos en el ámbito internacional, siendo difícil hoy en día actuar conforme a normas rígidas impuestas por los Estados, por lo que se tiende a crear Principios que sirven para interpretar la letra tanto implícita como explícita de los contratos.
Es en este aspecto en el que este trabajo quiere incidir, estableciendo pautas u orientaciones basadas en la regulación convencional así como en la doctrina y en la jurisprudencia judicial y arbitral para trazar las líneas que servirán para...
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Request your trial- El nuevo Derecho Internacional de los Contratos
- Parte Primera. Los sistemas de uniformización del Derecho Internacional Privado en materia de obligaciones y contratos
- Los sistemas de uniformización del derecho internacional privado en materia de obligaciones y contratos
- Ámbito general del convenio de roma de 1980
- La armonización a través de directivas
- Problemas que plantean los instrumentos utilizados para la uniformización
- La interrelación de los sistemas uniformizadores en materia contractual
- Creación de principios generales de derecho en el ámbito comunitario
- Los principios generales del comercio internacional
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