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- Capítulo Tercero. El Precio de la Participación Universal en la Convención. La Enmienda de la Parte XI
Reflexiones en torno a la enmienda de la parte XI y el objetivo de la participación universal en la Convención
Author | Esther Salamancas Aguado |
El principal objetivo de la enmienda a la Parte XI era la participación universal en la Convención, en especial, la adhesión o ratificación por parte de los Estados industrializados. A 30 de agosto de 2002 el número de Estados partes en la Convención asciende a 138, incluida una organización internacional -la Comunidad Europea-. No hay duda de que en el año en que se celebra el veinte aniversario de su aprobación, el régimen jurídico establecido por la Convención ha logrado una aceptación casi universal. Entre los Estados parte destacan, por sus intereses en la minería oceánica, los quince Estados miembros de la Unión Europea, Rusia, China, Japón, Corea e India. Sin embargo, aún no se ha alcanzado el objetivo de la participación universal.
El principal detractor de la Parte XI en su forma original e inspirador de la adopción y contenido del Acuerdo de aplicación -Estados Unidos- aún no se ha adherido a la Convención a causa del régimen jurídico de la Parte XI. Para la 'Administración Clinton' el Acuerdo satisfacía las objeciones formuladas por las administraciones anteriores 158, motivo por el que su gobierno firmó el Acuerdo y lo aplicó provisionalmente hasta el 28 de julio de 1996 159. Es más, participó activamente en las sesiones de la Autoridad, primero como miembro provisional y más tarde como observador. La satisfacción de sus intereses puede ser resumida de la forma siguiente.
En el plano sustantivo, el nuevo procedimiento acordado para la aprobación de los planes de trabajo asegura el acceso automático de sus patrocinados a los recursos de la Zona. Por lo que se refiere a la tecnología, se garantizan los derechos de propiedad intelectual y se elimina la obligación de los contratistas de transferirla, de forma que su adquisición será regulada por el mercado. Lo mismo sucede con las principales obligaciones financieras de los contratistas y sus Estados certificadores. En relación con la producción, se priva a la Autoridad de la facultad de imponer límites para proteger a los productores terrestres y lo sustituye por la aplicación de los acuerdos del GATT/OMC con sus restricciones a los subsidios. Con el fin de equiparar a los consorcios internacionales con los primeros inversionistas inscritos, se benefician de un trato idéntico. Por último, se reestructura la Empresa de forma que se condiciona su funcionamiento independiente a una decisión del Consejo. En base al principio de igualdad, le serán aplicables las mismas obligaciones que...
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Request your trial- La zona internacional de los fondos marinos
- Capítulo Tercero. El precio de la participación universal en la convención. La enmienda de la parte XI
- Los cambios políticos y económicos que afectaban a la aplicación de la parte XI y el proceso de revisión
- El acuerdo relativo a la aplicación de la parte XI de la convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el derecho del mar de 10 de diciembre de 1982
- Aspectos sustantivos de la enmienda
- Aspectos institucionales de la enmienda
- Reflexiones en torno a la enmienda de la parte XI y el objetivo de la participación universal en la Convención
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