Reflexiones finales
Author | Anita Pipan |
Pages | 159-160 |
Page 159
Como pudo observarse en el presente trabajo, no obstante la convicción de diversos sectores acerca de que la globalización del comercio internacional beneficiará a todos, o de que "una gran marea sacará a flote todos los barcos", puede ocurrir, por el contrario, que esta marea levante predominantemente yates e inunde naves rotas y decrépitas. En general, como lo indicó la Comisión Mundial sobre la Dimensión Social de la Globalización en su Informe, presentado el 24 de febrero de 2004, "en el funcionamiento actual de la economía global se observan desequilibrios persistentes y profundamente arraigados, que resultan inaceptables desde un punto de vista ético e indefendibles desde el punto de vista político"307.
Por ello, en las palabras del economista y premio Nóbel, Amartya Sen, "existe una necesidad imperiosa ... de realizar preguntas no sólo acerca de los aspectos económicos y políticos de la globalización, sino también acerca de la ética y los valores que moldean nuestra concepción de mundo global"308. Es por ello Page 160 que se torna necesario un proceso de globalización comercial dotado de una fuerte dimensión social, basada en valores universales compartidos y en respeto de los derechos humanos y la dignidad de la persona. De allí la necesidad de la liberalización del comercio multilateral que sea no sólo mutuamente beneficiosa para todos los países, sino también socialmente equitativa dentro de ellos. La ley justa puede proteger a los débiles, o como escribió Lacordaire: "Entre el débil y el fuerte, la libertad oprime y la ley libera."309 Por otro lado, la carencia de equidad socava la legitimidad de las instituciones políticas locales y globales, como también la calidad de vida de millones de personas.
El marco internacional de los derechos humanos, creado durante la última mitad del siglo pasado, puede realizar una contribución vital al logro de objetivos socialmente válidos, a los cuales la OMC se comprometió en virtud del Preámbulo del Acuerdo de Marrakech. Avanzar hacia una mayor concordancia entre los derechos humanos y el comercio contribuiría, en consecuencia, al desarrollo de políticas comerciales que resultarían más sensibles a las necesidades de las personas a las que debe servir, como también a ser vista como una Organización más legítima y sustentable.
Durante la actual Ronda del Desarrollo de negociaciones multilaterales, lanzada en Doha en 2001, los líderes mundiales poseen una oportunidad para el...
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- Los derechos humanos y la OMC
- Presentación
- Índice de siglas y entidades
- Introducción
- I. Los orígenes comunes de los regímenes internacionales de derechos humanos y de comercio y su posterior desarrollo por carriles separados
- II. Las reglas de los derechos humanos en el derecho internacional
- III. La organización mundial del comercio
- IV. Los posibles conflictos entre el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y el derecho comercial internacional
- V. La relación entre el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y el derecho comercial internacional. La primacía del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos en el derecho internacional
- VI. Vinculaciones entre los derechos humanos y las normas de la OMC
- VII. Conclusión
- Reflexiones finales
- Bibliografía
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