United States recognizes Kosovo as an independent state.

• Author: Crook, John R.

Kosovo has been under UN administration since 1999. (1) In February 2008, the assembly of the "Republic of Kosovo" declared Kosovo to be an independent and sovereign state. (2) The assembly's declaration states, in part:

1. We, the democratically-elected leaders of our people, hereby declare Kosovo to be an independent and sovereign state. This declaration reflects the will of our people and it is in full accordance with the recommendations of UN Special Envoy Martti Ahtisaari and his Comprehensive Proposal for the Kosovo Status Settlement.

2. We declare Kosovo to be a democratic, secular and multi-ethnic republic, guided by the principles of non-discrimination and equal protection under the law. We shall protect and promote the rights of all communities in Kosovo and create the conditions necessary for their effective participation in political and decision making processes. (3)

The United States, along with France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and other countries, promptly recognized the existence of the new state. Serbia and other countries, including China, Greece, Russia, and Spain, disputed the legality of Kosovo's action. The legal and political issues of recognition are especially sensitive for countries with ethnic or other minorities who may find Kosovo's action an appealing model for their own assertions of independence. (4) Serbia, which regards Kosovo as its historic heartland, vehemently opposes its claim to independence and reportedly will ask the General Assembly to request an International Court of Justice advisory opinion on the matter.

Excerpts from President George Bush's letter effecting recognition follow:

On behalf of the American people, I hereby recognize Kosovo as an independent and sovereign state. I congratulate you and Kosovo's citizens for having taken this important step in your democratic and national development. On this historic occasion, I note the deep and sincere bonds of friendship that unite our people.... As an independent state, Kosovo now assumes responsibility for its destiny. As in the past, the United States will be your partner and your friend. In your request to establish diplomatic relations with the United States, you expressed Kosovo's desire to attain the highest standards of democracy and freedom. I fully welcome this sentiment. In particular, I support your embrace of multi-ethnicity as a principle of good governance and your commitment to developing accountable institutions in which all...