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- La Razón de Estado
La Razón de Estado
Pages | 223-226 |
Page 223
El segundo cuarto del siglo XVII ofrece una inflexión importante para la noción de soberanía gracias al empleo de la razón de Estado. Aunque ésta ha sido identificada por algunos autores como la puesta en práctica de la teoría del Derecho divino de los reyes, también puede describirse en el sentido contrario como la teorización de una práctica, la de la supervivencia política del Estado. En todo caso se ha puesto de manifiesto que, de una u otra forma, el Derecho divino de los reyes contiene en germen la idea de razón de Estado127.
El tipo de aproximación que se realice será vital, además, para la definición de otro de los elementos que se han atribuido a la descripción de la soberanía moderna: su carácter secular. En efecto, nótese la divergencia entre una teoría del Derecho Divino de los Reyes que tratase de aplicar en la práctica una política y la existencia de una determinada práctica que tratase de justificarse median-te una apelación al Derecho Divino de los Reyes. En la primera parece primarse los medios mientras que en la segunda parecen primarse los fines. En otros términos, mientras que el fundamento religioso delimita la capacidad de obrar, en el segundo la capacidad de obrar se ve marcada exclusivamente por la necesidad, y la necesidad se derivaría del alcance de unos fines determinados. Esto conduce directamente a Maquiavelo y a su teoría política y es él precisa-
Page 224
mente, uno de los personajes clave de este periodo del siglo XVII. Realmente nunca dejó de serlo bien por constituir una novedad, como se lee en la introducción de la traducción de su libro en 1553 por Guillaume Cappel en donde se elogia su política a la que, en cambio, se le debe añadir un "sano juicio, sin dejarse llevar a favor de unas naciones o personas", bien por pretender rechazarlo frontalmente por parte de los protestantes, quienes en el momento eran destinatarios de las políticas del poder, según valora el Antimachiavelle de Innocent Gentillet128. La llegada de su obra al debate político no dependió tanto de Maquiavelo como del uso que detractores y no detractores quisieron hacer de él en los debates sobre la limitación moral del poder. En todo caso, en la teoría también hay que admitir una cierta influencia en la noción de soberanía, una vez admitido el carácter práctico de la misma. Los tiempos han cambiado, tal y como expresa Guez de Balzac en este fragmento: "Lo cierto es que la principal ciencia de los reyes debe tener por objeto...
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- La Razón de Estado
- La Razón de Estado
- GRAVELLE, François de; Políticas Reales, 1596
- MARNIX, Jean de; Resoluciones Políticas de Estado, 1620
- MORGUES, Mathieu; El Derecho del Rey sobre los Súbditos Cristianos, 1622
- DRION (señor de); Discurso al Rey sobre la Paz que ha dado a sus Súbditos de la Religión Pretendidamente Reformada, 1626
- VAURE, Claude; El Estado Cristiano, 1626
- THEVENEAU, Adam; Los Preceptos del Rey San Luis a Felipe III su Hijo, 1627
- CABOT, Vincent; La Política, 1630
- BOITET DE FRAUVILLE, Claude; El Príncipe de los Príncipes o el Arte de Reinar, 1632
- BETHUNE, Philippe; El Consejero de Estado, 1633
- SILHON, Jean; El Ministro de Estado, 1634
- NAUDÉ, Gabriel; Consideraciones Políticas sobre los Golpes de Estado,1639
- BOYER des ROCHES, Guillaume; La Política Actual, 1642
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