De la propiedad peregrina y de la usucapión
Author | Francisco Samper |
Pages | 121-129 |
Page 121
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Procede ahora considerar el único tipo de dominio que existe entre los peregrinos, pues según ellos, alguien o es dueño o no es dueño. Este era también, antiguamente, el derecho del pueblo romano, y cada persona era dueña según el derecho de los Quirites, o bien no se consideraba dueña. Pero después, el dominio experimentó una división, para que pudiera uno ser dueño según el derecho de los Quirites, o según el derecho pretorio.
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Efectivamente, si yo te diera una cosa mancipable y no te la mancipara ni cediera ante magistrado, sino únicamente entregara, dicha cosa se hace tuya por derecho pretorio, pero sigue siendo mía por derecho civil, hasta que tú consigas usucapirla con la posesión; una vez realizada la usucapión, empieza a ser tuya de pleno derecho, esto es, no sólo por derecho pretorio, sino además en propiedad civil, exactamente igual que si te hubiera sido mancipada o cedida ante magistrado.
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La usucapión queda completa en un año para las cosas muebles, en dos para fundos y casas; así se estableció en la ley de las XII Tablas.
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Nos compete también la usucapión de aquellas cosas que nos fueron entregadas por quien no era dueño, bien sean mancipables bien no mancipables, siempre que las hayamos recibido con buena fe cuando creíamos que era dueño quien nos las entregaba.
Page 123
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Parece que esto se estableció para que las propiedades no permanecieran inciertas durante mucho tiempo, y disponía el dueño para buscar las cosas de un tiempo de un año o dos, que es el que se le atribuye al poseedor para la usucapión.
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Pero sucede algunas veces que aunque alguien posea una cosa ajena con buena fe, no es válida la usucapión de dicha cosa, como es el caso de que alguien posea una cosa robada o arrebatada por la fuerza, ya que la ley de las XII Tablas prohíbe usucapir una cosa robada, y la ley Julia y Plautia lo prohíbe respecto de la arrebatada por la fuerza.
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De igual modo, los predios provinciales no admiten usucapión.
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Asimismo, las cosas mancipables de la mujer que estaba bajo tutela de los agnados no podían ser usucapidas, excepto si hubiesen sido entregadas con la autorización del tutor; así quedó establecido en la ley de las XII Tablas.
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Es evidente que tampoco pueden ser usucapidos los hombres libres ni las cosas sagradas ni las religiosas.
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Cuando se dice que está prohibido por la ley de las XII Tablas usucapir las cosas robadas y arrebatadas por la fuerza, no significa solamente que el propio ladrón o quien...
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Request your trial- Instituciones Jurídicas de Gayo
- Comentario Segundo
- De la división de las cosas
- De la tradición, la mancipación y la cesión ante magistrado
- De la novación de las obligaciones
- De la propiedad peregrina y de la usucapión
- De las prohibiciones de enajenar
- De la ocupación
- De las adquisiciones a través de otro
- De las adquisiciones universales
- De los testamentos
- De los herederos testamentarios
- De los legados
- De los fideicomisos
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