Primera alianza global para promover los derechos de los pueblos indígenas
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Page 49
El Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas instó a todos los países a "apoyar esta nueva iniciativa, para que pueda cumplir su cometido de convertir los principios de la Declaración en una realidad", y señaló que los pueblos indígenas han padecido siglos de opresión, y siguen perdiendo sus tierras, sus lenguas y sus recursos a un ritmo alarmante.
"A pesar de estos obstáculos", dijo, "los pueblos indígenas realizan una enorme contribución a nuestro mundo, también a través de su relación espiritual con la tierra. Ayudándoles a recuperar sus derechos, contribuiremos igualmente a proteger el medio ambiente que compartimos para beneficio de todos".
El objetivo de UNIPP es garantizar los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, y fortalecer sus instituciones y capacidades para participar plenamente en la gobernanza y los procesos de formulación de políticas a escala local y nacional, incluida la prevención de conflictos en relación con las tierras ancestrales y el uso de los recursos naturales.
Muchas comunidades indígenas son testigos de la explotación de estas tierras y recursos por parte de las industrias de la extracción minera, en muchos casos sin tener en cuenta sus derechos.
"Nosotros percibimos esta Alianza como un paso importante en los esfuerzos de los pueblos indígenas de todo el mundo para la realización plena de sus derechos humanos", dijo Mirna Cunningham, Presidenta del Foro Permanente de las Naciones Unidas para las Cuestiones Indígenas. "Ansiamos continuar nuestra labor con la ONU para que aquéllos que no tienen voz sean escuchados, y para que podamos propiciar la dignidad y el respeto por la diversidad de nuestras culturas, tradiciones, historias y aspiraciones".
La Declaración de Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas (2007) y el Convenio sobre pueblos indígenas y tribales de la OIT (No. 169), adoptado en 1989, han sido ampliamente reconocidos como los instrumentos internacionales fundamentales para la promoción y la protección de los derechos de estos pueblos.
La población indígena mundial incluye a más de 370 millones de personas en unos 90 países. Además, representan el 15 por ciento de los pobres del mundo y un tercio de las 900 millones de personas que viven en condiciones de pobreza extrema. La población indígena tiende asimismo a registrar bajos niveles de educación, mayores problemas de salud, tasas de criminalidad más elevadas y un mayor número de casos de violación de los derechos humanos.
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