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Author | Fco. Javier Ansuátegui Roig |
Pages | 13-16 |
Page 13
Uno de los afanes de la ciencia moderna ha tenido que ver con la construcción del método a través del cual identificar su objeto de estudio y sistematizar el conocimiento, análisis y explicación de dicho objeto. Así, hemos asistido a un desarrollo de la metodología y la filosofía de la ciencia destinados a elaborar propuestas que habían de guiar la labor del científico. Sin duda, dichas propuestas, más allá de la posibilidad de compartir elementos o dimensiones, deben encontrarse condicionadas también por la singularidad del objeto de conocimiento.
Conviene reconocer, en este sentido, la peculiaridad de gran parte de los conceptos-objetos de conocimiento, con los que trabajamos en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales en general y en particular en las ciencias jurídicas. En efecto, nos desenvolvemos entre conceptos que se caracterizan porque si bien de un lado constituyen el objeto de nuestro conocimiento, al mismo tiempo son el resultado de nuestra propia elaboración. No trabajamos con realidades que nos vienen dadas en su conceptualización y en su identificación, sino que por el contrario tenemos que vérnoslas con conceptos a cuya elaboración y determinación contribuimos. Pensemos, por ejemplo, en los conceptos de "norma jurídica" o "Derecho". Carecemos de esa fortuna que acompaña a aquellos que trabajan en otros ámbitos del conocimiento desde el momento en que siempre existe la posibilidad de recurrir a un patrón o modelo a partir del cual reconocer los objetos de la realidad como manifestaciones concretas del mismo (desde una unidad de medida como el metro hasta una unidad básica de existencia como la célula). Los juristas, en concreto, no podemos recurrir a una referencia dada, no discutible y externa a la realidad que estudiamos y que certifique de manera incontestada que lo que tenemos frente a nosotros es una norma jurídica o el Derecho. Trabajamos con conceptos que no se vinculan a objetos con magnitudes físicas y cuya configuración depende de nuestras
Page 14
propuestas en relación con la definición de los mismos. Lo cual no quiere decir que esos conceptos carezcan de un reflejo en la realidad; muy al contrario, permiten definir y justificar prácticas personales y sociales. A lo anterior cabe añadir que buena parte de los conceptos más relevantes en nuestro ámbito de trabajo son comprendidos como conceptos históricos, de acuerdo con la caracterización que en su momento asumió Felipe González Vicén para explicar la...
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