Prólogo

Pages9-14
AuthorAna Botella Gómez
9
PRÓLOGO
A B G
Secretaria de Estado de Seguridad (2018-2020)
Presidenta de la Delegación Española de las Cortes Generales en la
Conferencia PESC-PCSD de la UE (2020-2023)
La seguridad es uno de los pilares fundamentales de la arquitectura ins-
titucional que los países, constituidos como Naciones Unidas, construyeron
después del horror y devastación sufridos en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El
objetivo de seguridad es prioritario en la Carta de Naciones Unidas (junio
1945), en el articulo 3 de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos
(diciembre 1948), así como en el Tratado del Atlántico Norte (4 abril de
1949), donde se cita reiteradamente el objetivo de seguridad en la zona del
Atlántico Norte, pero también para la consecución de la paz, la seguridad y
la justicia internacionales. Los Tratados de la Union Europea (UE), tratado
de la Union (TUE) y tratado de Funcionamiento de la UE (TFUE) coniguran
asimismo a la UE como un espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia (artículo
3.2 del TUE consolidado y Título V del TFUE).
Sin embargo, mantener la paz y garantizar el derecho que todo ser hu-
mano tiene a la vida, a la libertad y a la seguridad de su persona se ha con-
vertido en misión casi imposible en muchas partes del mundo. Los conlictos
bélicos y el terrorismo en todas sus formas, se extienden y se suceden por
los países, independientemente de la mayor o menor visibilidad que tengan
en la opinión publica según el momento.
Actualmente hay cincuenta y seis conlictos bélicos activos, el mayor
numero desde la segunda guerra mundial, con casi un centenar de países
involucrados, del orden de 162.000 muertes registradas en 2023 y 110
millones de personas desplazadas y refugiadas1. Por su parte, el terrorismo
internacional se ha convertido en una amenaza global, “la amenaza asimétri-
ca más directa a la seguridad de nuestros ciudadanos y a la paz y la prospe-
ridad internacionales”, según el Concepto Estratégico de la OTAN 2022. Solo
el terrorismo yihadista, el mas importante en todo el mundo, ha realizado
1 Global Peace Index 2024, IEP-Institute for Economics & Peace, https://www.
economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/

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