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Presentación
Author | Cristina Fernández Bessa, Héctor C. Silveira Gorski, Gabriela Rodríguez Fernández e Iñaki Rivera Beiras |
Pages | 7-9 |
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El presente libro recoge un conjunto de ensayos sobre las políticas punitivas y de seguridad, vigilancia y control en los Estados europeos, realizados bajo el amparo del proyecto Challenge, The Changing Landscape of European Liberty and Security.1El equipo de trabajo del Observatorio del Sistema Penal y los Derechos Humanos de la Universidad de Barcelona (OSPDH), desde la óptica crítica de la sociología jurídico penal, ha trabajado en los últimos años sobre las políticas punitivas, de migración y extranjería, de control de la vida cotidiana en el ámbito urbano, de represión del terrorismo y de violencia institucional en los países de la Europa meridional.
Los gobiernos de estos países, en el contexto de una globalización desigual y empobrecedora, elaboran e implementan leyes y medidas administrativas que ponen en cuestión los clásicos derechos, libertades y garantías de las personas y quiebran la frontera entre lo público y lo privado. A su calor, los espacios urbanos van perdiendo su carácter público y se desarrollan nuevas tecnologías de control y vigilancia sobre las personas. Todo
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ello, a su vez, en un marco social y político que está redefiniendo las políticas de inclusión social y, en consecuencia, de exclusión en la sociedad europea.
Fruto de estas transformaciones se configura un Estado «securitario», que ocupa el lugar del Estado «providencia», y que tiene como fin esencial proporcionar y garantizar «seguridad» a sus habitantes. Con este objetivo implanta nuevas medidas de control, vigilancia, coacción y represión sobre el conjunto de la población. Para ello apela al uso ya habitual de las instituciones públicas, pero también recurre a empresas y asociaciones privadas, las que, mediante el recurso a las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, conforman un nuevo entramado de relaciones en torno a la seguridad.
Este Estado de la seguridad se ha venido formando bajo el amparo de legislaciones y medidas de excepción justificadas, a su vez, por los nuevos «riesgos», el incremento de la inseguridad ciudadana y el miedo al terrorismo. El proceso de extensión de la cultura «securitaria» en Europa se aceleró tras los atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001 en Nueva York, de Madrid en marzo de 2004, y Londres en septiembre de 2005. Aun cuando los riesgos del denominado «choque de culturas» y de respuesta violenta ante el aumento de la pobreza y la extensión de una pauperización masiva ya existían antes de...
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- Contornos bélicos del estado securitario. Control de la vida y procesos de exclusión social
- Presentación
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- El control del Comité Europeo para la Prevención de la Tortura sobre la privación de la libertad por parte de la autoridad pública
- Lógica de los procesos contra el enemigo global
- Estados expulsores y semipersonas en la Unión Europea
- El «Estado de Derecho» como forma de gobierno: el internamiento de inmigrantes ilegales en la Unión Europea y en Francia
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- A modo de conclusión
- Autores
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