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- Los Parlamentos Tras el Edicto de Nantes
Los Parlamentos tras el Edicto de Nantes
Pages | 137-142 |
Page 137
Tras haber sido registrado el Edicto de pacificación bajo la rúbrica expresso mandato regis, es decir, por voluntad expresa del monarca y no por la libre concurrencia del Parlamento con los planes de pacificación del Estado, cabe preguntarse acerca del papel que jugaron, desde entonces, los Parlamentos en Francia. La especial relación que mantiene el monarca con sus Parlamentos, institución fuertemente asentada y consagrada en el Derecho común de Francia y confirmada por la historia, comienza a finales del siglo XVI, a envilecerse y enrarecerse. Su lectura de la situación política ponía de relieve una forma distinta de comprender el funcionamiento y la naturaleza del Estado.
Acerca del peso del Parlamento dentro del reino y acerca de temas semejantes se ha escrito mucho en aquél entonces y mucho en los últimos años, tratando de dejar al descubierto la naturaleza de una institución que, si bien ha sido señalada como cierto contrapeso del poder, tampoco ha sido claramente definida en sí. Aunque los Parlamentos en la Francia del Antiguo Régimen llegaron a ser doce, cada uno con su jurisdicción propia, aquí se tratarán en general, teniendo como referente el Parlamento de París. Es éste el que más empeño puso en defender la autonomía de la institución y su función de balanza con respecto a las intenciones del monarca. Esta tendencia se mantuvo e incluso agravó hasta 1789 cuando las circunstancias y nuevos principios políticos agrietaron la unidad corporativa y desvelaron la enorme distancia existente entre la institución y el pueblo a quien decían representar.
Page 138
En todo caso, a lo largo del siglo XVI y parte del siglo XVII, la función del Parlamento estaba diseñada para facilitar la labor de gobierno del monarca cuando tomaba decisiones justas y dificultarla cuando tomaba decisiones injustas. Evidentemente, la última palabra acerca de la justicia o de la injusticia del rey recaía en los propios parlamentarios quienes tenían varios instrumentos para oponerse a las decisiones monárquicas. Son conocidas la potestad de registro, sin cuyo trámite las decisiones legislativas del rey no tenían vigor en el territorio sobre el que tenía jurisdicción el Parlamento y, en segundo lugar, la potestad de elevar enmiendas ante las órdenes del rey, que tenían un efecto suspensivo hasta que eran resueltas. Todo ello de acuerdo con la antigua tradición y costumbres con las que se regían los Parlamentos y que, según algunos autores, constituían parte de las leyes fundamentales del reino. Interesa aquí a los efectos del estudio la capacidad de impedir las decisiones del monarca, de limitar su capacidad legislativa.
Como explica Figon en 1579, los juicios del Parlamento, cabeza de la rama de la justicia del...
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Request your trial- Soberanía, Monarquía y Unidad en el auge del Absolutismo Francés (1519-1715). Antología de textos
- Los Parlamentos tras el Edicto de Nantes
- Los Parlamentos tras el Edicto de Nantes
- FIGON, Charles; Discurso de los Cargos & Oficios tanto del Gobierno como de la Justicia & Finanzas de Francia, 1579
- COQUILLE, Guy; Instituciones de Derecho Francés, 1607
- ARNAULD, Antoine; La Justicia a los Pies del Rey, 1608
- ANÓNIMO; Apología de la Justicia Soberana del Rey, 1609
- MIRAULMONT, Pierre de; El Origen & Establecimiento del Parlamento, 1612
- AUTOMNE, Bernard; La Confluencia del Derecho Francés con el Derecho Romano, 1615
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