Las paradojas de la identidad. Entre la tolerancia individual y el reconocimiento grupal

Pages383-394
Capítulo 26
Las paradojas de la identidad.
Entre la tolerancia individual y el reconocimiento grupal
Jesús Ignacio Delgado Rojas
Universidad de Sevilla
jdrojas@us.es
1. INTRODUCCIÓN. LA TOLERANCIA EN LA FORTALEZA DE
LA DEMOCRACIA
La tolerancia es uno de los temas recurrentes de la historia del pensamiento po-
lítico y hoy vuelve a estar en el foco de nuestra atención con renovada actualidad. Al
debate de los ochenta y noventa sobre las bondades de la diversidad cultural en un
mundo globalizado y complejo, ahora se suma la dificultad de acomodar esa misma
diversidad a las exigencias de una cultura democrática. Y aquí es donde las posturas
tolerantes de momentos anteriores trocan en intolerantes cuando se percibe que no se
puede tolerar toda diversidad. La exaltación de la diferencia tiene límites y los repuntes
actuales de intolerancia vuelven a enfrentar las posiciones del multiculturalista, más o
menos contaminado de relativismo, con las del universalista, que no está dispuesto a
renunciar a su credo individualista.
El análisis de estas cuestiones cuenta ya con una inabarcable bibliografía, por lo
que intentaré ceñirme a un asunto concreto que considero relevante: la cuestión de
las identidades, alertando de los riesgos que generan las propuestas que cambian, para
gestionar una convivencia pacífica en nuestras sociedades irremediablemente plurales,
la idea de tolerancia entre individuos por la del reconocimiento entre grupos.
En la primera parte de este trabajo me ocuparé de lo que implica sustentar una
concepción individualista del sujeto moral y, por contraposición, reflejar lo que ocu-
rre cuando se abandona dicha tesis, esto es, cuando el individuo, al que no se le

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