Palabras previas
Author | Luis Pérez-Prat Durbán |
Profession | Catedrático de Derecho Internacional Público, Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla |
PALABRAS PREVIAS
En los últimos tiempos parece asentarse una acentuada y preocupante sensación de cambio en el ordenamiento jurídico internacional, la percepción de que se encuentra en una encrucijada que le señala un horizonte nada halagüeño, caracterizado por un inmoderado recurso a la desjuridificación, por claros intentos de deslegitimar principios, normas e instituciones esenciales para la convivencia internacional. Es cierto que estas tendencias conviven con su opuesto: una etapa de prodigiosa expansión de las normas hacia los más variados sectores hasta un punto en que resulta dificultoso señalar un palmo de las relaciones mundiales que no cuente con un puñado de reglas pertenecientes al Derecho Internacional. Baste con mencionar que en Naciones Unidas, en su Colección de Tratados, se encuentran registrados más de 50.000, para el período que va de 1946 a 2003. Y esto sólo en lo que hace a los tratados, porque si fuera posible realizar un recuento de otros actos internacionales, vinculantes o recomendatorios, las cifras anteriores se dispararían todavía más. En efecto, nos recuerda Luigi Ferrajoli que los Estados y sus ciudadanos son destinatarios cada vez más de “una «espesísima red normativa planetaria» que regula las materias más desiguales, desde la producción de alimentos hasta la sanidad, de los transportes a las telecomunicaciones, de la tutela de la intimidad a la del medio ambiente. Dicha red normativa tiene en parte carácter público, ya que está constituida por tratados y convenciones internacionales. Pero su origen es en buena parte privado, en la medida en que es producida por el mercado y, de hecho, por las empresas multinacionales”1.
Superando interpretaciones de índole conspirativa, el riesgo para el Derecho Internacional proviene de viejas y nuevas estrategias del poder, no atribuibles a voluntades coordinadas, y que se constituyen en el reflejo de su diseminación en la sociedad mundial actual y en la confluencia de la construcción (y la resistencia a construir), a ratos deliberada, en ocasiones coincidente, de dos nuevos proyectos de orden mundial no necesariamente incompatibles. Dos proyectos, al menos, porque el poder no se encuentra centralizado sino, como advertiré, esparcido por los distintos actores internacionales, bien que asimétricamente en cada categoría (estatales y no estatales), y también dentro de ellas. El primero de dichos órdenes, el nuevo orden de la globalización o, como algunos lo ven, un sistema...
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- La provincia del Derecho Internacional
- Palabras previas
- Mundos convulsos amenazan con descordar al Derecho Internacional
- Algunas ideas metodológicas que deben anticiparse para la correcta comprensión de la intención que se persigue
- El fundamento del Derecho Internacional: el deber de obedecerlo
- Tercer brevísimo interludio teórico: ¿por qué es útil plantearse una definición del Derecho Internacional? O, el análisis del Derecho Internacional como derecho
- Los desafíos que padece el Derecho Internacional
- Los cambios societarios y su impacto en la evolución del Derecho Internacional
- ¿Cambios normativos fin de siglo? Derecho Internacional y orden mundial
- Estado actual, tendencias y desafíos del proceso de formación, aplicación y solución de controversias del Derecho Internacional
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