De la ocupación
Author | Francisco Samper |
Pages | 131-137 |
Page 131
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De cuanto hemos dicho parece ser que algunas cosas se enajenan por derecho natural, como son las que se enajenan por tradición; otras, por derecho civil, pues la mancipación, la cesión ante magistrado y la usucapión son derecho particular de los ciudadanos romanos.
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Sin embargo, no solamente adquirimos por razón natural aquellas cosas que se hacen nuestras por la tradición, sino también aquellas que adquirimos al ocuparlas, porque antes no eran de nadie; como son todas las cosas que se capturan en tierra, cielo y mar.
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Así, si cogiéramos un animal salvaje, un pájaro o un pez, tan pronto como sea así cogido, se entiende que se hace nuestro, y continúa siéndolo mientras se mantenga bajo nuestro poder; cuando escape a nuestro poder y recupere su libertad natural, se hará de nuevo de quien lo ocupe, pues ha dejado de ser nuestro; se considera que recupera su libertad natural cuando deja de estar al alcance de nuestra vista, o cuando a pesar de estar a la vista nuestra, se hace difícil su persecución.
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Respecto de aquellos animales que por costumbre suelen marcharse y volver, como son las palomas y las abejas, y también los ciervos, que suelen ir al bosque y regresar, observamos esta regla: que si dejaron de tener el “animus revertendi” , esto es, el hábito de regresar, han dejado también de ser nuestros, y se harán de quienes los ocupen. Parecen dejar de tener hábito de regresar cuando pierden la costumbre de volver.
Page 133
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También las cosas que se arrebatan al enemigo se hacen nuestras por razón natural.
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Y lo que se añade a lo nuestro por aluvión, nuestro se hace igualmente por derecho de gentes. Se considera añadido a lo nuestro por aluvión aquello que el río paulatinamente acumula a nuestro campo, de modo que no podemos apreciar cuánto y en qué momento se ha añadido. Es pues esto lo que comúnmente se dice añadido por aluvión lo único que se añade a lo nuestro, porque se ha añadido tan lentamente que engaña a nuestros ojos.
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Así pues, si el río arrebató una parte de tu predio y la arrastró hasta el mío, esta parte sigue siendo tuya.
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Pero si en medio del río se ha formado una isla, ésta es común a aquellos que de una y otra parte poseen predios junto a la ribera; si, por el contrario, no se formara en medio del río, pertenece a quienes tengan predios ribereños más cercanos a la orilla.
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Además, lo que alguien edificara en suelo nuestro, aunque aquél edificara eso en su nombre, con todo se hace nuestro por razón...
To continue reading
Request your trial- Instituciones Jurídicas de Gayo
- Comentario Segundo
- De la división de las cosas
- De la tradición, la mancipación y la cesión ante magistrado
- De la novación de las obligaciones
- De la propiedad peregrina y de la usucapión
- De las prohibiciones de enajenar
- De la ocupación
- De las adquisiciones a través de otro
- De las adquisiciones universales
- De los testamentos
- De los herederos testamentarios
- De los legados
- De los fideicomisos
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