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- La Obra Legislativa de Luis XIV
La Obra Legislativa de Luis XIV
Pages | 323-326 |
Page 323
Una ventaja de lo que parece ser la tendencia de los últimos años por revisar el papel de los Parlamentos bajo Luis XIV, dejando un tanto aparte la historia oficial centrada en el Parlamento de París, es que tal interés puede contribuir a aclarar las circunstancias de la pérdida de poder que sufrieron los Parlamentos al serles retiradas las facultades de registro y de enmienda, uno de los escasos elementos de contrapeso del poder legislativo del rey. Asumir que esta retirada de derechos es parte de una estrategia general de la monarquía desde el comienzo de la pretensión centralista y absolutista puede parecer ahora un tanto prematuro en tanto que tal vez, según esta nueva línea, las razones bien pudieran haber sido circunstanciales.
En todo caso el periodo que engloba la fecha de su pérdida (1667-1673) hasta la fecha de su recuperación (1715) marca indisolublemente la doctrina más pura del absolutismo. Especialmente relevante es a efectos de este estudio el que Luis XIV haya retirado el adjetivo "soberanas" a las Cortes del Parlamento, sustituyéndolos por "superiores"146. Una primera lectura indica en efecto que el monopolio de tal denominación era, más que un mero castigo por comportamiento previos, el propósito de negarle al Parlamento cualquier tipo de intervención en la política del Estado, máxime si ésta podía limitar el poder del rey. El condicional es necesario ya que la oposición
Page 324
del Parlamento a la política estaba de hecho limitada. Además de por el sistema jurídico político que no imponía ninguna limitación al rey, como muestra O. Chaline, la aspiración de los parlamentarios era la de seguir avanzando en la escala social hasta llegar a consejero del rey, evitando atar su suerte a la de la institución parlamentaria147. La tendencia durante estos años parece ser, pues, la de todo a favor del rey y nada en su contra. Sin embargo, hubo una oposición parlamentaria de cierta entidad que serviría, al menos, para dejar constancia de la existencia de la institución148. En los grandes hitos legislativos de Luis XIV, los Parlamentos no tuvieron ni voz, ni voto.
Estos hitos son las reformas del procedimiento de enjuiciamiento civil, criminal, comercial y la gestión de aguas y bosques. Sin embargo, la más conocida fue la de la abolición del Edicto de Nantes. Las estrategias para llevar a cabo estas reformas fueron exitosas. La primera estaba dirigida contra Parlamentos, oficiales y nobleza y a favor de la administración...
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- La Obra Legislativa de Luis XIV
- La Obra Legislativa de Luis XIV
- ORDENANZA CIVIL concerniente a la Reforma de la Justicia, 1667
- CARTAS PATENTES que contienen el Reglamento sobre el Registro en las Cortes Superiores de los Edictos, Declaraciones & Cartas Patentes relativas a los Asuntos Públicos de Justicia & de Finanzas, Emanadas de la propia Iniciativa del Rey, 1673
- EDICTO que Contiene la Revocación del Edicto de Nantes, 1685
- EDICTO que en Caso de Fallecimiento de los Príncipes Legítimos de la Casa de Borbón, se llame a la Sucesión al Trono a los Príncipes Legitimados, 1714
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