De los que litigan a nombre de otro
Author | Francisco Samper |
Pages | 373-375 |
Page 373
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Ahora debemos considerar el caso de litigio en nuestro nombre o en nombre de otro; por ejemplo, a través de un cognitor, procurador, tutor, curador, mientras que antiguamente, cuando se utilizaban las acciones de ley, no estaba permitido litigar en nombre ajeno, salvo en contados casos.
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El cognitor es nombrado solemnemente en presencia del adversario. El actor designa cognitor de la siguiente manera: “Lo que yo te pido a ti, por ejemplo, un fundo, hágalo mi cognitor Lucio Ticio”. Y el adversario: “Para lo que tú me pides actúe mi cognitor Mevio”. O bien puede el actor decir: “Designo cognitor para lo que yo quiero litigar contigo”. No importa si el cognitor se da estando presente o ausente; si se da en su ausencia, será cognitor sólo si él lo supiese y aceptase dicho papel.
Page 375
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El procurador es nombrado sin solemnidad, y se constituye por simple mandato, incluso en ausencia y sin saberlo el adversario. Es más, hay quien opina que también se considera procurador aquel que no ha recibido mandato, sino que basta con que asuma la relación de acuerdo con la debida lealtad recíproca y dé garantía de que el dueño va a tener por válido el litigio; si bien, aquel que recibió mandato de serlo, debe asimismo dar garantía en la mayoría de los casos, puesto que con frecuencia el mandato se oculta al comienzo del litigio, y sólo se manifiesta después ante el juez.
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Referimos en el primer Comentario el modo en que se constituyen los tutores y los curadores.
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El que actúa en nombre de otro atribuye...
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